Court of Appeal of Zambia - 2021 October

25 judgments
Skip past years
Skip past months
Skip to results

Results. 25 judgments found.

25 judgments
October 2021
Whether the respondent must reimburse the appellant for VAT the appellant paid to ZRA on domestic transport services.
  • Tax law — Applicability of VAT to domestic transport services — Parties’ contractual clause excluding VAT — Enforceability against statutory tax obligations — Reimbursement of tax paid to Zambia Revenue Authority — Proper procedure for claims seeking repayment of quantified statutory tax amounts.
29 October 2021
Whether sitting tenants may compel sale of council houses in a national park and require alternative housing from the council.
  • Local government housing — Sale of council houses to sitting tenants — Requirement of council resolution and ministerial approval under Local Government Act — Proof of title and offers required; Conservation law — Zambia Wildlife Act s.15(1) (no title in national parks) — effect on sale; Remedies — alternative housing/compensation not legally compelled absent clear obligation or capacity.
29 October 2021
Appellants failed to prove council ownership or formal offers for park houses; appeal dismissed with costs.
  • Local government housing — sale to sitting tenants — requirement of council resolution and Ministerial approval — effect of Wildlife Act prohibiting title in national parks — necessity of evidencing ownership and formal offers before ordering specific performance or alternative housing.
29 October 2021
A consent order fixing costs is final; court cannot impose interest absent parties' agreement.
  • Consent orders — binding effect — operate as judgments and are governed by contract principles.
29 October 2021
Whether a land allocation and boundary survey established a valid title and justified demolition of the appellant's encroaching structures.
  • Land law — allocation and title — cadastral boundary verification — Surveyor-General's report admissible and authoritative; encroachment — squatter status and demolition of works; appellate review of factual findings — perversity standard; mootness/academic issues where parties have resolved aspects of dispute.
29 October 2021
Appeal dismissed: Surveyor‑General’s boundary verification upheld; allocation of disputed plot lawful and encroachment ordered removed.
  • Property law — boundary disputes — role of Surveyor‑General in boundary verification — validity of title allocation — encroachment and squatting — demolition orders — academic appeals.
29 October 2021
Post‑judgment discovery is permissible to aid execution; State must produce documents showing compliance with Compensation Fund Act.
  • Civil procedure — Discovery and inspection (Order 24) — Post‑judgment discovery in aid of execution; Compensation Fund Act (ss.17–22) — enforcement procedure and verification; costs — costs follow the event.
28 October 2021
Appeal allowed; refusal to grant extension of time was erroneous and matter remitted for completion of pleadings.
  • Civil procedure — extension of time — failure to serve pleadings — order for directions — effect of service of application to dismiss — discretion to grant extension; Service of process; Procedural etiquette when matter set for dismissal is pending.
28 October 2021
Proceedings alleging breach of constitutional rights must be commenced by petition; jurisdictional defect renders writ-commenced action incompetent.
  • Constitutional procedure — Article 28 and Protection of Fundamental Rights Rules — mode of commencement (petition v writ) — jurisdictional defect — Order 14A RSC — preliminary issues — waiver and admissibility of criminal judgment as civil proof.
28 October 2021
The appellant failed to prove unpaid freight debt; unpleaded demurrage claims were correctly excluded.
  • Civil procedure — Pleadings and evidence: unpleaded claims cannot be introduced by witness statement; evidence must correspond to pleaded case. Expert evidence — qualification and procedural requirements for expert witnesses; treating an accountant as ordinary witness. Proof of debt — burden of proof, necessity to produce invoices and particularize ledger items; offsets and financial statements
  • Appeals — interlocutory rulings and leave, and effect of incomplete record of appeal
27 October 2021
An action alleging breach of constitutional rights must be commenced by petition, not writ; wrong commencement deprives court of jurisdiction.
  • Constitutional procedure — Article 28 and Rule 2 (Protection of Fundamental Rights Rules) — mode of commencement — petition required for Part III rights claims; jurisdictional objections not waived by filing defence; dismissal for wrong mode of commencement; leave to recommence; costs allocation.
23 October 2021
The applicant's title was set aside because the respondents were not consulted before customary land conversion.
  • Land law — Customary land conversion — Statutory Instrument No. 89 (Land (Customary Tenure) (Conversion) Regulations) — requirement to ascertain and consult family/communal interests before conversion — validity of land inspection report — certificate of title susceptible to cancellation where conversion occurred without consultation — remittal for survey and site visit.
22 October 2021
Appellant's seizure disorder supported diminished responsibility, reducing murder convictions to manslaughter and prompting concurrent 20-year sentences.
  • Criminal law — Murder — malice aforethought; Expert medical evidence — admissibility and weight; Diminished responsibility under s12A Penal Code; Epileptiform/atypical seizure disorder may constitute an "abnormality of mind" affecting mental responsibility; Substitution of conviction and sentence by appellate court.
21 October 2021
An independent witness’s evidence, including a parent’s, may provide 'something more' sufficient to corroborate a child witness and uphold conviction.
  • Criminal law — Defilement — Corroboration of child witness under Juveniles Act s122 — Corroboration by parent as 'something more' — Suspect witnesses may corroborate each other if vulnerabilities differ.
21 October 2021
Age proved by parent and the prosecutrix's account was sufficiently corroborated; conviction and mandatory sentence upheld.
  • Criminal law — Defilement — Proof of age as essential ingredient — Parental testimony and best evidence; Sexual offences — Corroboration requirement — Independent eyewitness and physical evidence; Illegally obtained disclosure — admissibility and effect on credibility.
21 October 2021
Omission of the victim's age in a defilement charge is a material defect that vitiates the conviction.
  • Criminal law — Defilement — Particulars must allege unlawful carnal knowledge and that victim is a "child" (under 16) — Omission of age is material and renders charge disclosing no offence — Defect not curable on appeal; distinction from non‑essential descriptive defects.
20 October 2021
An ex-parte leave order granted after the 14-day limit is void ab initio, rendering the appeal incompetent and dismissed.
  • Civil procedure — interlocutory appeals — Order 47 rule 2 HCR — mandatory 14-day period for leave to appeal; void ab initio — jurisdictional defect; ex parte order; Order 3 r.2 HCR and constitutional equitable hearing cannot confer jurisdiction; jurisdictional pleas may be raised at any stage.
20 October 2021
Where experts give multiple possible causes of death, courts must exclude alternatives before convicting for murder.
  • Criminal law — murder — circumstantial evidence — cause of death undetermined by pathologists — necessity to consider and discount alternative inferences — expert evidence and appellate review.
20 October 2021
Appeal dismissed; a single 14-year-old identifying witness required no corroboration and identification was held reliable.
  • Criminal law — identification evidence — single identifying witness — child witness (age 14) — corroboration under Juveniles Act s122 — previous inconsistent statements and their weight — honest but mistaken identification — sufficiency of observation (light, opportunity, duration).
20 October 2021
Whether illegal subdivision vitiates title and whether a subsequent Commissioner of Lands’ offer for the whole stand is valid.
  • Civil procedure — originating summons v writ where disputes of fact exist; trial adjournment — discretion and requirements (medical evidence, backlog, interest of justice); land law — illegal subdivision without authority; validity of replacement offer by Commissioner of Lands; appellate review of factual findings.
20 October 2021
Reproducing whole interrelated articles is permissible in defamation pleadings where the defamatory sting derives from the publications read as a whole; notice to defend requires memorandum plus defence.
  • Defamation — Pleading — Particularisation of words — Reproduction of whole publications permissible where sting derives from entire publication — Order 18/Rules on libel pleading — Notice of intention to defend — Order 14A — Conditional memorandum or affidavit insufficient.
7 October 2021
Pleadings in defamation must usually quote words complained of, but whole publications may be pleaded where the meaning depends on context; Order 14A requires a memorandum of appearance with a defence.
  • Defamation — requirement to plead the precise words complained of; exception where meaning or sting derives from the publication read as a whole — reproducing full articles permissible in exceptional circumstances; Pleadings — parties must particularize causes of action (avoid class pleading); Civil procedure — Order 14A requires memorandum of appearance with defence as notice of intention to defend; affidavit or conditional memorandum without defence insufficient.
7 October 2021
Applicant granted leave to appeal out of time after reasonable misunderstanding and showing arguable prospects and no improper delay.
  • Civil appeals — right of appeal vs leave to appeal — Court of Appeal Act ss.22–25; Order X r.4(1) CAR; extension of time — Order XIII/Order X; good cause and prospects of success; business rescue proceedings — court power to order security under Corporate Insolvency Act s.22.
7 October 2021
Whether the Court of Appeal may extend the statutory 14‑day period for seeking leave to appeal to the Supreme Court.
  • Civil procedure — jurisdiction to extend statutory time; Court of Appeal Rules Order 13 Rule 3; section 13(2) Court of Appeal Act; section 30 rule‑making power; section 37 Interpretation Act; distinguishing Antonio Ventriglia and Paolo Marandola.
7 October 2021
Leave to commence committal set aside for failure to effect personal service and endorse the consent judgment with a penal notice.
  • Enforcement of judgments — committal for civil contempt — Order 45 RSC — requirement of personal service and penal notice — corporate judgment debtors and directors — piercing the corporate veil.
7 October 2021