Constitutional Court of Zambia

272 judgments
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Results. 272 judgments found.

272 judgments
September 2019
A party must obtain leave before seeking to reopen a Constitutional Court final judgment; failure renders the application incompetent.
  • Constitutional Court procedure — Reopening final judgments — Inherent jurisdiction to control procedure — Requirement of leave/permission to reopen — Order I rules and 1999 English practice cutoff — Taylor v Lawrence considered but not imported without regard to statutory cutoff.
12 September 2019
May 2019
The Public Protector is an investigatory constitutional office, not a court, and is subject to High Court judicial review.
  • Constitutional interpretation — Public Protector’s constitutional status and powers — Whether Public Protector is a court — Scope and limits of Article 244(5) — Article 245 limitations — Judicial review under Article 267(4).
28 May 2019
Placing a purported chief on payroll is an administrative act, not constitutional "recognition", and customary selection disputes are non-constitutional.
  • Chieftaincy — Article 165 — meaning of "recognition"; Administrative acts (payroll/subsidy) distinguished from formal recognition; Jurisdiction — constitutional court does not decide non-constitutional customary selection disputes; Chiefs Act s.3 (pre-2016) and effect of 2016 constitutional amendment; Limits of judicial intervention in traditional succession disputes.
21 May 2019
The new Local Government Act prescribes two-and-a-half-year deputy terms and allows incumbents to seek re-election.
  • Constitutional interpretation — Article 154(1) ‘as prescribed’ — effect of repeal and replacement of earlier Local Government Act — Local Government Act No. 2 of 2019 prescribes two-and-a-half-year terms for deputy mayors and deputy council chairpersons and allows one further re-election — incumbents preserved and eligible under section 82(3).
17 May 2019
March 2019
A materially defective record of appeal justifies dismissal; Article 118(2)(e) does not override mandatory procedural rules.
  • Constitutional law — Article 118(2)(e) — procedural technicalities — record of appeal — Supreme Court Rules (rules 10, 58, 68) — dismissal for defective record — jurisdiction to enforce Part III rights — right to fair hearing (Article 18(9)).
27 March 2019
Suspending a magistrate for a judicial decision violated judicial independence; suspension declared unlawful and damages awarded.
  • Constitutional law — Judicial independence — Article 122 prohibition on interference with judicial functions — Suspension of magistrate for judicial decision unlawful; Administrative law — absence of statutory power in Chief Registrar to suspend judicial officers; Disciplinary procedure — distinction between unlawful suspension and separate misconduct proceedings before Judicial Service Commission; Remedies — expungement, back pay, general and exemplary damages, interest and costs.
14 March 2019
Suspension of a magistrate for referring a constitutional question was unlawful interference with judicial independence; suspension expunged and damages awarded.
  • Constitutional law — Judicial independence — Article 122(1)–(2) — unlawful suspension of magistrate for exercising judicial function; administrative law — Chief Registrar’s lack of power to suspend; discipline of judicial officers — separation of suspension and subsequent misconduct charge.
14 March 2019
Petitioner failed to prove widespread, attributable electoral misconduct required to void the election.
  • Electoral law — section 97(2)(a) Electoral Process Act — standard of proof in election petitions — candidate liability only for acts of named election/polling agents or acts with candidate's knowledge/consent — requirement that misconduct be widespread enough to affect majority of voters — need for corroborative documentary evidence (police/FRA records) for serious allegations.
7 March 2019
February 2019
A petitioner may discontinue a constitutional petition before judgment; court granted discontinuance and ordered each party to bear own costs.
  • Constitutional Court Rules — Order X Rule 3 — Discontinuance before judgment — Court’s discretionary power — Reasons not required — Speculative future prejudice insufficient to refuse discontinuance — Costs in discretion (each party to bear own costs).
14 February 2019
January 2019
Petition seeking enforcement of Bill of Rights was wrongly brought in Constitutional Court and dismissed as abuse of process.
  • Constitutional jurisdiction — enforcement of Part III (Bill of Rights) — Articles 28 and 128 — wrong forum/abuse of process — frivolous and vexatious proceedings — civil restraint orders; procedural compliance for record complaints.
23 January 2019
Petitioner failed to prove widespread corrupt practices under s.97(2)(a); election upheld and credibility findings affirmed.
  • Electoral law — s.97(2)(a) Electoral Process Act — void election — corrupt/illegal practices — bribery, distribution of goods, intimidation — standard of proof in election petitions: fairly high degree of convincing clarity — burden to prove candidate’s knowledge/consent or agent’s conduct — deference to trial judge on credibility and corroboration.
23 January 2019
December 2018
A Constitutional Court dismissed a petition challenging a High Court consent judgment; Commission decisions are reviewable by the High Court.
  • Judicial Complaints Commission — constitutional body — decisions amenable to judicial review; High Court jurisdiction over procedural/natural justice challenges; consent judgment — non-party cannot set aside; Article 236, Article 128, Article 144.
11 December 2018
Whether a presidential period straddling two constitutional regimes counts as a "full term" under Article 106.
  • Constitutional interpretation — presidential term limits — Article 106(3) and (6) — transitional provisions — literal versus purposive/holistic interpretation — standing and ripeness for constitutional questions.
7 December 2018
November 2018
Petitioner failed to prove abuse of public resources, sponsorship of violence, or that GEN12 irregularities affected the election result.
  • Electoral law — election petitions — burden and standard of proof — section 97 Electoral Process Act 2016; Abuse of public resources — regulation 15 of Electoral Code of Conduct; Electoral violence — liability requires candidate’s or election agent’s knowledge/consent/approval; Election administration — Form GEN12 (result forms) and consequences of non-countersigning; Substantial compliance — section 97(4) prevents annulment for officer omissions that did not affect result.
16 November 2018
October 2018
Whether alleged bribery, misuse of state resources, racial remarks, police conduct and violence nullified the parliamentary election.
  • Election law — Electoral Process Act s97(2)(a),(b) — standard of proof in election petitions — corrupt/illegal practices and widespread effect — role of Electoral Commission vs police in conduct of elections — alleged vote-buying (boreholes, gifts, cash), misuse of government resources, campaign violence, and admissibility of electronic evidence admitted by consent.
31 October 2018
Whether the applicant was entitled to remain on the respondent’s payroll under Article 189 after later-corrected terminal benefit underpayments.
  • Constitutional law — Articles 187–189 and 266 — definition of "pension benefit" — instalment versus lump-sum payments — payroll retention pending payment — underpayments discovered by litigation — burden of proof on claimant.
25 October 2018
September 2018
Appeal dismissed for failure to prove bribery, violence, or widespread misconduct preventing majority voter choice.
  • Electoral law — Election petition — Standard for nullifying parliamentary election — s97(2)(a) majority threshold — bribery and intimidation — hearsay admissibility — credibility of partisan witnesses.
24 September 2018
Appellant failed to prove bribery, violence or misconduct sufficiently widespread to void the election.
  • Electoral law — election petitions — admissibility of hearsay; standard of proof for nullifying elections under s97(2)(a) — requirement that corrupt/illegal acts be committed by candidate or with knowledge/consent of agent and be widespread to have prevented majority of voters from electing preferred candidate; bribery and electoral violence — necessity of corroboration and linkage to candidate; assessment of partisan witness credibility.
24 September 2018
An application to issue subpoenas in the Constitutional Court requires leave by motion/notice and subpoenas duces tecum must specify documents; non-compliant subpoenas set aside.
  • Civil procedure — subpoenas — Constitutional Court exercising original jurisdiction — default to Supreme Court Practice (1999) — Order 38 Rule 19(3) RSC — leave to issue subpoenas by motion/notice — subpoena duces tecum requires particularity of documents — grounds for setting aside: irregularity, oppression, confidentiality, privilege.
7 September 2018
August 2018
Election nullification requires a named agent or candidate involvement and proof that malpractices affected the majority of voters.
  • Electoral law — election agent — statutory appointment and naming in nomination paper — attribution of corrupt acts; Election petitions — standard of proof — section 97(2)(a) requires proof of corrupt/illegal act and that majority of voters were or may have been prevented; Bribery and undue influence — isolated inducement insufficient to void election without majority/prevention evidence; Credibility — appellate restraint on factual findings.
20 August 2018
June 2018
An appeal from a single judge must comply with Order 59 RSC; failure to file required documents renders summons incompetent.
  • Constitutional Court procedure — appeals from a single judge to the full Court — Order 1 CCR refers to Order 59 RSC; Order 59 Rule 14(12) — renewed application by summons; required documents (summons, order below, affidavit in support) — necessity of skeleton arguments/heads of argument — late filing/competence — expungement of irregular record; costs.
29 June 2018
The leave requirement for judicial review is valid; Article 118(2)(e) does not abolish the leave procedure.
  • + Constitutional law — Article 118(2)(e) — ‘‘undue regard to procedural technicalities’’ — does not abolish established procedures
  • + Civil procedure — Judicial review — leave requirement (Order 53 RSC) — both procedural and substantive
  • + Jurisdiction — Article 134 — High Court’s original jurisdiction exercisable subject to law and procedure
  • + Applicability of foreign practice — Order 53 forms part of Zambian law via Article 7(e) and Section 10 High Court Act
  • + Discharge of leave — ex parte leave may be set aside where law permits and substantive failure is shown
28 June 2018
A serving ward councillor cannot validly contest a directly elected mayoral seat without triggering Article 157(3)'s bar.
  • Constitutional interpretation — mayoral by-election — eligibility of ward-based councillor — distinction between mayor and ward councillor — Article 157(3) resignation/vacation bar — direct election of mayor — ripeness doctrine.
22 June 2018
Court finds campaign misconduct attributable to the appellant but insufficient proof it prevented the majority, so nullification reversed.
  • Election law — Electoral Process Act s.97(2)(a)(ii) — Electoral Code para.15(1)(a),(c) — attribution by knowledge/consent/approval — defamatory statements and incitement to violence — requirement that misconduct be widespread to have prevented or may have prevented majority of voters — elevated standard of proof in election petitions — costs discretion.
20 June 2018
Misconduct proved and attributable to the candidate, but lack of proof it affected the majority; nullification reversed, candidate reinstated.
  • Election law — Electoral Process Act s.97(2)(a) — Electoral Code para 15(1)(a) and (c) — misconduct by third party attributable to candidate by knowledge/consent — defamation allegations — requirement that misconduct be widespread to have prevented majority of voters — elevated standard of proof in election petitions — costs discretionary.
20 June 2018
Character assassination can ground nullification, but nullification requires proof it was widespread and altered voters' choice.
  • Electoral law; section 97(2)(a) Electoral Process Act; "other misconduct" includes character assassination; defamatory and inflammatory campaign statements; standard of proof and corroboration in election petitions; requirement that misconduct be widespread to affect majority choice; appellate review of factual findings.
14 June 2018
Transitional provisions preserve Industrial Relations Court Rules until Parliament prescribes procedures for the High Court division.
  • Constitutional law — Article 133(2) — Industrial Relations Court as High Court division — Article 120(3)(a),(b) prescribing processes — transitional provision s6(1) of Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) Act No.1 of 2016 — Interpretation and General Provisions Act s15 — applicability of Industrial Relations Court Rules (SI No.206 of 1974) pending legislation.
13 June 2018
Until Parliament prescribes new rules under Article 120(3), existing Industrial Relations Court Rules govern the division's procedure.
  • Constitutional law — division of High Court — Article 133(2) — processes and procedures of specialised divisions to be prescribed by Act of Parliament under Article 120(3) — transitional application of existing laws under section 6(1) of the Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) Act No.1 of 2016 — statutory instruments preserved by Interpretation and General Provisions Act s.15 — Industrial Relations Court Rules (SI No. 206 of 1974) remain applicable pending legislation.
13 June 2018
Industrial Relations Court Rules remain applicable to the IRC Division until Parliament prescribes new rules.
  • Constitutional law — divisions of the High Court — Industrial Relations Court Division — applicability of Industrial Relations Court Rules (SI No.206 of 1974) — transitional provisions (s6(1) Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) Act No.1 of 2016) — preservation of statutory instruments (Interpretation and General Provisions Act s15) — Article 120(3)(a),(b) requirement for Parliament to prescribe processes and procedures.
13 June 2018
8 June 2018
May 2018
4 May 2018
April 2018
Election petition dismissed: alleged campaign gifts, isolated misconduct and party‑membership claims failed to meet statutory majority threshold.
  • Electoral law — Election nullification — Section 97(2)(a),(b),(c) Electoral Process Act 2016 — corrupt/illegal practices must be by candidate or with candidate’s knowledge and widespread enough to affect majority; third‑party misconduct does not by itself void election under s97(2)(b); Article 51 eligibility of independent candidates; petition filed under repealed Act fatal.
13 April 2018
Panel composition is an administrative prerogative; Article 129(3) requires an uneven number not less than five judges.
  • Constitutional Court composition — Article 129(3) — Full bench defined as an uneven number not less than five — Panel constitution an administrative discretionary prerogative of the Court — Parties cannot compel reconstitution of bench.
6 April 2018
March 2018
Whether the Constitutional Court can reopen a pending interlocutory application where the dismissed parallel proceeding is under appeal.
  • Constitutional Court procedure — interlocutory applications — Order IX rule 20 — reopening/rehearing pending applications — inherent jurisdiction — effect of appeal reviving dismissed proceedings.
28 March 2018
Tribunal’s nullification set aside for reliance on uncorroborated partisan evidence; appellant reinstated as duly elected councillor.
  • Election law; local government election petitions — standard of proof (fairly high degree of convincing clarity); corroboration of partisan witnesses; bribery, undue influence and violence allegations; procedural compliance with Election Tribunal Rules (Answer filed out of time).
28 March 2018
22 March 2018
Court overturned election nullification, finding character‑assassination allegations insufficiently proved to void the election.
  • Electoral law — Election petitions — Standard of proof higher than balance of probabilities; section 97(2)(a) E.P
  • Act — Character assassination allegations — Partisan witnesses require corroboration — Hearsay and judicial notice limitations
19 March 2018
19 March 2018
Full bench cannot rehear a single‑judge interlocutory ruling; constitutional interpretation must be commenced by originating summons.
  • Constitutional Court jurisdiction — interlocutory matters — rehearing by full bench — mode of commencement for constitutional interpretation — originating summons required — appeal from single Judge; procedural compliance under Court Rules and White Book practice.
19 March 2018
February 2018
20 February 2018
14 February 2018
9 February 2018
January 2018
29 January 2018
29 January 2018
Whether one‑off terminal payments on resignation qualify as constitutional 'pension benefits' and trigger payroll retention under Article 189.
  • Constitutional law — definition of "pension benefit" (Art. 266) — terminal/one‑off payments — payroll retention (Art. 189) — purposive and literal interpretation — reading Constitution as a whole — retirees/retrenchees protection.
26 January 2018
26 January 2018
24 January 2018
An election petition unsigned by the named petitioner is invalid and cannot be cured by subsequent substitution; appeal allowed.
  • Electoral Process Act s100(3) — mandatory signature requirement for election petitions; validity of petition; substitution of petitioner (ss103–104); jurisdictional effect of procedural defects; procedural fairness in election petitions; security for costs (s102) and Tribunal Rules compliance.
18 January 2018
16 January 2018
November 2017
17 November 2017