High Court of Zambia - 2022

128 judgments
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Results. 128 judgments found.

128 judgments
December 2022
A contractual forfeiture and registered assignment effected a conveyance, not an equitable mortgage; applicant entitled to the property, monetary and damages claims dismissed.
  • Contract law — Investment agreement with deposited title and registered deed of assignment — Forfeiture/registered assignment clause creates conveyance/sale, not an equitable mortgage — Enforcement of express contractual conveyance — Claim for damages requires proof on balance of probabilities.
30 December 2022
Applicant failed to prove unfair dismissal where respondent reasonably investigated and followed disciplinary procedure.
  • Employment law — Unfair dismissal — Burden of proof on balance of probabilities; Employer's reasonable belief and disciplinary procedures; Sufficiency of evidence (documentary proof of deposits).
30 December 2022
Applicant failed to prove she was a dependant and is not entitled to the 10% intestacy share.
  • Intestate succession — definition of "dependant" under s.3 — must be maintained by and living with deceased immediately prior to death — proof on balance of probabilities; entitlement to statutory 10% dependent's share.
30 December 2022
Tender and licence invitations were quashed as ultra vires because the statutory Wildlife Management Licensing Committee had not been constituted.
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20 December 2022
Court revoked respondent's grant obtained on an untrue belief, ordered accounts, identified dependants and directed Administrator-General to administer estate.
  • Intestate succession — Letters of administration — Revocation where grant rests on untrue statement in ignorance (s.29(1)(c)) — Fraud allegation requires distinct pleading and higher standard — Definition and entitlement of "child" and "dependant" under Intestate Succession Act — Administrator-General appointment and duties — Surviv­ing spouse's right to select devolving house.
16 December 2022
Summary dismissal upheld where senior officer admitted misconduct; not discriminatory and VSS claim fails due to ineligibility.
  • Employment law — summary dismissal — disciplinary procedure and natural justice — admission of misconduct — proportionality of sanction for senior/controlling officer — discrimination in dismissal — voluntary separation scheme eligibility.
16 December 2022
Court enforced rental arrears and possession where Initial Offer formed binding contract; Final Offer and its charge claim were dismissed.
  • Rent Act — recovery of rental arrears and possession — offer and acceptance — Initial Offer accepted in writing — variation and supersession of contract — conduct and payment not constituting acceptance — lapse of offer and termination of lease — dismissal of charges claimed under superseding offer.
16 December 2022
Unilateral variation of employment terms without consent constituted redundancy; statutory redundancy and gratuity remedies ordered.
  • Employment law — redundancy — unilateral variation of basic conditions of service without consent constitutes redundancy (s.55(1)(c)) — automatic termination on date of variation — procedural notice under s.55(2) not required where variation effects termination — redundancy payment minimum: two months’ pay per year served (s.55(3)) — entitlement to gratuity (25%) (s.73).
13 December 2022
Termination triggered by the principal contract's end was lawful; redundancy claims dismissed; accrued leave payable.
  • Employment law — termination by operation of contractual clause upon end of principal contract; distinction between wrongful and unfair termination; redundancy entitlement; proof of statutory benefits; assessment of accrued leave.
8 December 2022
A niece is a 'near relative' under the Intestate Succession Act; estate shares and certain properties must be valued, preserved and distributed under s.7(f).
  • Succession law — Intestate succession — Meaning of 'near relative' and 'remoter descendant' — Niece held a 'near relative' entitled under s.7(f) where deceased leaves spouse but no children/parents/dependants; company shares as personal estate property; matrimonial home confers a life interest to surviving spouse; injunction and valuation for distribution ordered.
7 December 2022
A niece is a 'near relative' under the Intestate Succession Act; spouse holds only a life interest in the matrimonial home.
  • Intestate succession — meaning of 'near relative' and 'remoter descendant' — nieces and nephews fall within remoter descendants; Company law — shares as personal property and part of deceased's estate; Matrimonial home — surviving spouse has life interest determinable on death/remarriage; Originating summons jurisdiction (Order XXX Rule 12) — valuation, sale and distribution of estate assets; Interim injunction to restrain disposal by administrator.
7 December 2022
A niece qualifies as a 'near relative' under the Intestate Succession Act; estate shares/property to be valued and proceeds distributed per s7(f).
  • Intestate succession — 'near relative' and 'remoter descendant' — niece included as beneficiary; Shares as personal property — company ownership and indirect shareholder interest; Matrimonial home — surviving spouse's life interest not absolute; Injunction restraining disposal of estate assets; Valuation and sale of estate assets and distribution under s7(f).
7 December 2022
Employee unfairly dismissed for private conduct outside employment; awarded 24 months' salary damages and accrued leave assessment.
  • Employment law — dismissal — distinction between wrongful (procedural) and unfair (substantive) dismissal — conduct outside course of employment not proper ground for disciplinary dismissal — reinstatement sparingly granted — damages as alternative remedy — entitlement to accrued leave; failure to prove other statutory benefits.
6 December 2022
November 2022
Whether the respondent’s council lawfully suspended the applicant pending disciplinary inquiry — court held the suspension lawful.
  • Administrative law — judicial review — illegality/ultra vires — implied powers to suspend under Interpretation and General Provisions Act s.25 — suspension of professional membership pending disciplinary inquiry — audi alteram partem — reasonableness of provisional suspensions.
25 November 2022
Applicants entitled to specific performance for a 5‑acre sale; caveat rendered later titles irregular; no damages awarded.
  • Land law — sale of land — offer letter and advertisement as extrinsic evidence of agreed acreage; agency/ostensible authority; caveat effect on subsequent registrations; limitation (12 years); remedy of specific performance; damages denied for lack of purchaser due diligence.
25 November 2022
Applicant entitled to sale to enforce Charging Order but court ordered fresh government valuation before sale.
  • Civil procedure — Enforcement of Charging Order Absolute by sale — Requirements of Order 88 r.5A(2) (identification of charge, outstanding sums, verification of title, prior incumbrancers, proposals and estimates supported by valuation) — Adequacy and currency of valuation — Discretion as to appointment of receiver — Typographical errors not necessarily fatal where correct exhibits lodged.
18 November 2022
Registrar granted leave to file complaint out of time under Section 85(3) due to non‑deliberate delay.
  • Industrial Relations Court Act s.85(3) — leave to file complaint out of time — Registrar’s discretion — affidavit evidence — non‑deliberate delay.
14 November 2022
Trust transfers made after knowledge of impending divorce may be disregarded; assets can remain matrimonial property and be shared.
  • Family law — Matrimonial property — Transfers into trusts or corporate vehicles — Transfers made after notice of impending divorce may be regarded as mala fide to defeat property claims; such assets may be treated as matrimonial property; doctrine of stare decisis (Chibwe v Chibwe) applies — Joinder/striking out of parties under Subordinate Court Rules.
14 November 2022
The accused coxswain's decision to take the boat into deep water with swimmers aboard constituted manslaughter; crew acquitted.
  • Criminal law — Manslaughter — unlawful act manslaughter — dangerous and foreseeable act; Negligence — gross negligence by vessel master; Inland Waters and Shipping Act — duty to secure safety of persons on board; Burden of proof — prosecution to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt; Evidence — weight of eyewitness (relative) and investigatory report; Contributory negligence — not a defence to manslaughter, only mitigation.
14 November 2022
An s.80 Anti‑Corruption Commission undertaking cannot bar prosecution once criminal proceedings have commenced.
  • Criminal procedure — Section 80(3) Anti-Corruption Act — undertaking not to institute criminal proceedings — applies only before prosecution is commenced; autrefois acquit/double jeopardy — requires prior trial and acquittal — registered undertaking is not an acquittal; nolle prosequi distinguished; appeal allowed and matter remitted for rehearing.
10 November 2022
Court referred quantification of loan arrears to assessment, dismissed most plaintiff claims and lost-income counterclaim, and ordered offset against agreed equipment purchase price.
  • Banking and finance — Term loan facility — Validity despite clerical date error; Security — deposit of title deeds as collateral; Burden of proof — plaintiff must prove amount claimed; Self-help repossession — impermissible without court order; Counterclaim — lack of evidence for lost income; Sale of goods — written purchase price enforceable.
8 November 2022
Complainants unfairly singled out in disciplinary process; awarded 24 months' salary, pension claim dismissed for lack of proof.
  • Labour law — unfair/wrongful dismissal — inconsistent application of discipline — similarly circumstanced employees — burden of proof — collective agreement — private pension election — damages for unfair dismissal.
2 November 2022
The complainant's summary dismissal for unauthorised removal of company property and attempted bribery was procedurally and substantively fair.
  • Employment law — disciplinary code applicability — procedural fairness under section 52(3) Employment Code Act — unauthorised removal of company property — attempted bribery — summary dismissal — substratum of facts and proportionality of sanction.
1 November 2022
October 2022
An acquittal entered where no signed charge, plea or trial occurred is null; autrefois acquit cannot bar fresh prosecution.
  • Criminal procedure — supervisory jurisdiction of High Court to review subordinate court proceedings — autrefois acquit — validity of acquittal upon withdrawal — requirement for signed formal charge under Section 90(4) — distinction between instituting proceedings and conducting private prosecution (DPP authorisation).
31 October 2022
26 October 2022
Court upheld ex parte registration and enforcement orders for an arbitral award, finding substituted service and share-register rectification acceptable.
  • Arbitration — Registration and enforcement of arbitral award — Rule 16 ex parte registration — Substituted service via nominees and publication — Court's complementary role in enforcement — Rectification of share register as enforcement measure.
21 October 2022
Court found debt and default but referred quantum and recoverability of interest/charges to inquiry under consumer-protection limits.
  • Banking law — Recovery of secured overdraft — Debt existence and quantum — Consumer protection under Banking and Financial Services Act (sections 109,110) — Prohibition/limitation of penal interest — Requirement to prove NPL date, principal at NPL date and composition of claimed sums — Referral to Deputy Registrar for inquiry — Mortgage enforcement and guarantor liability.
19 October 2022
Whether an earlier action challenging a consent judgment constitutes abuse, and whether it can be consolidated with a concluded suit.
  • Civil procedure — Abuse of court process and multiplicity of actions; Consent judgments — scope of an action to set aside consent judgment; Consolidation — prerequisite that target matters be pending; Remedy of review where joined post-judgment.
14 October 2022
Court found the prosecution had made a prima facie case; both accused ordered to be put on their defence.
  • Criminal law — no-case-to-answer — prima facie standard at close of prosecution — assessment based on appearance of evidence — credibility reserved for final judgment.
14 October 2022
Whether a written sale with a buy‑back option was in substance an equitable mortgage entitling the applicant to redeem.
  • Characterisation of transaction — sale versus equitable mortgage; objective interpretation of written contract; buy‑back/option clauses; right to redeem; entitlement to vacant possession; enforcement of freely entered contracts.
10 October 2022
September 2022
A certificate of title is conclusive; the applicant entitled to vacant possession and eviction against the respondent.
  • Land law — Certificate of title conclusive evidence of ownership (absent fraud); Originating summons (Order 30 Rule 11) appropriate for questions arising from written instruments; vacant possession and eviction where transferee refuses to vacate; service of process and default.
30 September 2022
Court declines to vary a will under Section 20 Wills Act where testator’s reasons and lack of evidence justify dispositions.
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28 September 2022
Petitioner shareholder’s winding-up petition granted: respondent unable to pay debts and membership reduced below two, costs awarded.
  • Company law — Winding-up by court — Member’s petition under s.56; Service and advertisement compliance; Insolvency — ‘unable to pay debts as they fall due’ (s.57(3)(c)) and solvency test (s.57(4)); Balance-sheet and cash-flow considerations; Insufficient proof of specific trade and statutory debts; Reduction of members below two (s.57(1)(d)) — proper ground for winding-up.
27 September 2022
Whether surface-rights owner can withhold consent to mining access where exploration licence cannot lawfully authorize mining.
  • Mines and Minerals — Surface rights v. mining rights — Section 52(1)(b) Mines and Minerals Development Act — Requirement of written consent of surface rights owner — Ownership of stockpiled overburden and stockpiles — Limits of exploration licences; artisanal mining citizenship restrictions — Injunction and dismissal of counter-claim.
26 September 2022
Dismissal without formal charge or hearing is wrongful and unfair; six months' salary awarded, terminal benefits claim dismissed.
  • Employment law — wrongful and unfair dismissal; failure to charge and afford hearing; breach of disciplinary procedure and Employment Code Act; damages awarded (six months' salary plus allowances) with interest; terminal benefits dismissed where already paid; assessment by Deputy Registrar.
16 September 2022
Appeal dismissed: late venue objection waived after filing pleadings and taking fresh steps; matter remitted for trial.
  • Civil procedure — Subordinate Courts — Order XIV Rule 1(c) — Place of trial for ‘other suits’ — Jurisdictional objection must be raised before or when required to answer/plead — Waiver by filing pleadings or taking fresh steps (payments into court) — Appeal dismissed; matter remitted for trial.
15 September 2022
Summary dismissal for unauthorised absence/desertion upheld; only unpaid accrued leave awarded with interest; other claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — Summary dismissal for unauthorised absence/desertion — Fairness assessed by reason for dismissal notwithstanding procedural non-compliance — Claimant failed to prove entitlement to subsistence allowances and wages — Accrued leave payable with interest.
13 September 2022
High Court has jurisdiction to hear nomination challenges under Article 52(4)/Regulation 18(7); by‑elections stayed pending determination.
  • Constitutional jurisdiction — Article 128(1): Constitutional Court’s exclusive remit to interpret and determine contraventions of the Constitution; Election law — Article 52(4) and Regulation 18(7): High Court jurisdiction to hear petitions challenging nominations; Procedure — mode of commencement: petition (not judicial review) for nomination challenges; Abuse of process — multiplicity of proceedings distinguished; Interim relief — stay of by‑elections pending petition determination.
13 September 2022
Court found dismissals wrongful and unfair, awarding damages, allowances and unpaid July salaries to the complainants.
  • Employment law — wrongful and unfair dismissal; disciplinary procedure and natural justice; insufficiency of evidence for alleged falsification/conspiracy; remedies — damages, unpaid salaries, extra duty and big-class allowances; gratuity deductions and NAPSA remittances.
12 September 2022
A late application to amend pleadings near trial was dismissed for lack of reasonable diligence and prejudice to the respondent and court.
  • Civil procedure — Amendment of pleadings — Interlocutory applications within 14 days of trial — Order 19 Rule 3(3) SI 58 of 2020 — Case management and proportionality — Prejudice and reasonable diligence — Discretion under Order 18.
6 September 2022
August 2022
A s58 warrant under the Anti‑Corruption Act attracts criminal jurisdiction; the High Court may grant an out‑of‑time appeal without hearing the parties.
  • Anti‑Corruption Act s58 — seizure warrants; criminal jurisdiction; interplay with Criminal Procedure Code (s2, s321A, s322 proviso, s324); out‑of‑time appeals; High Court discretion; procedural misdirection by subordinate court.
30 August 2022
Whether the applicant may enforce 25% monthly compound interest and foreclose a mortgage under the Money Lenders Act.
  • Money Lenders Act — statutory cap on interest — unenforceability of extortionate 25% per month rate; Enforceability of registered legal mortgage granted by administratrix; Capacity of administrator to pledge estate assets; Recovery of principal and foreclosure; Assessment of interest by Deputy Registrar.
26 August 2022
Plaintiff failed to prove an enforceable insurance contract and unpaid premiums; inadequate evidence led to dismissal.
  • Insurance law — General insurance — Section 76 Insurance Act 1997 — Premium unpaid — contract inoperable after 30 days or agreed period; Evidence — requirement of witness personal knowledge — weight of unsubstantiated witness statement; Burden of proof — plaintiff must prove contract and liability on balance of probabilities; Failure to produce policy documents — claim dismissed.
25 August 2022
Most complainants’ claims were statute‑barred under Section 85(3); only two complaints were timely and allowed to proceed.
  • Industrial Relations Act s85(3) — limitation and jurisdiction; exhaustion of administrative channels; procedural compliance — Order 14A vs Industrial Relations Court Rules; affidavit jurat defect — defect in form curable under s47 Interpretation and General Provisions Act; dismissal for want of jurisdiction; leave to appeal granted.
18 August 2022
An employer lawfully dismissed the applicant for procedural breaches and unauthorised removal of property despite criminal acquittal.
  • Employment law — unfair dismissal; disciplinary procedure and right to be heard; administrative discipline despite criminal acquittal; burden of proof in disciplinary proceedings; proportionality of sanctions.
17 August 2022
Applicants failed to prove communal ownership or membership; respondents lawfully held the artisanal mining licence.
  • Mining law — Artisanal mining licence — Ownership of mining rights — Cooperative registration and membership — Statutory eligibility and vetting under the Mines and Minerals Development Act — Burden of proof in civil claims.
16 August 2022
Court dismissed jurisdictional objection, found the leave-to-appeal application was properly filed, and granted leave to hear the appeal.
  • Criminal procedure — Jurisdictional objections — Undertakings under s80 Anti-Corruption Act — Whether merits-based jurisdictional objections should be decided interlocutorily or deferred — Appeal out of time — Compliance with s324 Criminal Procedure Code — Discretion under proviso to s322 to grant leave.
10 August 2022
Money-Lenders Act prohibits compound interest; plaintiff awarded principal with simple interest and may enforce vehicle pledge if unpaid.
  • Money-Lenders Act s.10 — clause charging compound interest void; pleadings — O. LIII r.6 deemed admissions for untraversed allegations; admissibility of unpleaded security evidence where not objected to; remedies — award of principal, simple interest, enforcement of pledged vehicle
10 August 2022
Whether a loan clause imposing 25% monthly (compound) interest is enforceable and effect of surrendering vehicle white book as equitable mortgage.
  • Money Lenders Act — prohibition of compound interest — clause charging interest on interest illegal; equitable mortgage by surrender of vehicle white book; assessment of outstanding debt by Deputy Registrar; permitted simple interest and statutory caps.
9 August 2022
Settlement agreement enforced; privity and duress defences rejected; plaintiff awarded ZMW 528,070 with interest; no costs.
  • Contract law — enforceability of settlement agreements; privity of contract; duress/undue influence; arbitration clause — stay and referral; burden of proof; interest; mediation non-attendance costs.
4 August 2022