High Court of Northern Rhodesia - 1935

12 judgments
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Results. 12 judgments found.

12 judgments
December 1935
Appeal dismissed: prohibition power to ban imported books held valid; no unlawful interference with religious liberty.
  • Penal law — s.53F power to prohibit importation of books — scope not limited to seditious publications; Ordinance drafting and Royal Instructions — no unlawful intermixture; Proclamation by Governor in Council valid; limits of repugnancy to English law; freedom of religion claim not established.
31 December 1935
Conviction under s.287 requires evidence of reasonable suspicion; charges must specify possession or conveying and stolen or unlawfully obtained.
  • Penal Code s.287 — possession or conveying of property reasonably suspected of being stolen or unlawfully obtained — requirement of evidence showing reasonable suspicion; charge drafting — must plead either “possessing” or “conveying” and either “stolen” or “unlawfully obtained” (disjunctives not to be combined) — Criminal Procedure Code s.169 does not permit substitution of charge during trial — reasonable explanation by accused can negate conviction.
31 December 1935
Police and Public Prosecutor must decline prosecutions lacking realistic prospects of conviction; courts cannot order prosecutor to pay accused's costs.
  • Criminal procedure — Police and prosecutorial discretion — Whether to prosecute where no reasonable prospect of conviction — Section 160(2) Criminal Procedure Code — Costs against Public Prosecutor — Duty to refer doubtful complaints to senior officers.
31 December 1935
Convictions quashed: child’s age not proved and charges misjoined; retrial ordered on carnal knowledge of an idiot charge.
  • Criminal law — Defilement under twelve (Penal Code s.119(1)) — Proof of age beyond reasonable doubt — Judicial notice limits; Criminal procedure — Misjoinder of charges — Carnal knowledge of an idiot (s.120) distinct from defilement under twelve; s.127(c) applies only where law, not facts, creates doubt; misjoinder not cured by section 323 — Retrial ordered.
31 December 1935
Misjoinder of distinct offences not cured by plea; conviction on the second charge quashed.
  • Criminal procedure — Joinder of charges — Misjoinder — Section 127 CPC (now s127A) — Exception requiring a single series of acts — Plea does not cure irregular joinder — Conviction quashed on misjoinder.
31 December 1935
Uncorroborated prosecutrix testimony is usually insufficient for rape; section 122(1) requires corroboration for alternative convictions.
  • Criminal law — Rape (Penal Code s113) — corroboration not essential but usually required; risk of convicting on uncorroborated prosecutrix testimony (especially in native cases) — Alternative offence (Penal Code s122(1)) procuring defilement by threats/intimidation requires corroboration where the case rests on one witness — Criminal Procedure Code s172(1) power to convict of lesser offence limited by statutory proviso.
31 December 1935
Convicting the accused on multiple alternative charges based on identical facts results in impermissible double punishment.
  • Criminal law — duplicity and multiplicity — alternative counts — conviction on more than one alternative offence prohibited — double punishment — attempted murder and arson arising from identical facts — Criminal Procedure Code s127(c) (repealed) and s309(2).
31 December 1935
A thumb impression without identification or intent does not constitute a signature for forgery purposes.
  • Criminal law — Forgery — Signature by mark — Thumb impression by an illiterate person — Requirement of descriptive identification and evidence the instrument was explained — Necessity of intent to defraud — Distinction from misuse of identity certificate and false pretence.
31 December 1935
Leave to appeal to the Privy Council in criminal matters must be sought from the Privy Council, not the local High Court.
  • Criminal appeals — leave to appeal to Privy Council — local High Court lacks authority to grant special leave in criminal matters — Northern Rhodesia Order Article XXXI; Privy Council Appeals Order Article II(b) — petition directly to Privy Council.
31 December 1935
Statements obtained without caution from a detained person by a kapasu are inadmissible; conviction quashed.
  • Criminal law — admissibility of confessions — Judges' Rules (caution) — custody — kapasu as equivalent to police officer — statements obtained without caution inadmissible — conviction quashed.
31 December 1935
A Governor in Council may validly prohibit importation of specified literature; prohibition here was intra vires and appeal dismissed.
  • Criminal law — Ordinance No. 10 of 1935, s.53F — Power to prohibit importation of newspapers, books or documents — Validity and scope of executive proclamation — Ultra vires challenge — Interaction with Royal Instructions and English law on religious freedom — Act of State and deference to Governor in Council.
1 December 1935
Statements made in custody to a native kapasu require Judges' Rules caution; conviction quashed for relying on inadmissible evidence.
  • Criminal law — admissibility of statements/confessions — Judges' Rules caution requirement — kapasu (native chief's messenger) equated with police officer when exercising arrest/investigative functions — custody and voluntariness.
1 December 1935