Environmental

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Environmental
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23 documents
Title
Date
An interim injunction restrained defendants' destructive activities in a Game Management Area due to likely irreparable environmental harm.
Environmental law – interim injunction – American Cyanamid test – serious question to be tried – irreparable environmental harm – adequacy of damages – balance of convenience – locus standi – water abstraction – Game Management Area protections.
Judgment 25 January 2022
Payment of fees after licence expiry does not entitle the applicant to reinstatement where the area is already licensed.
Mines and Minerals Act — expiry versus renewal of mining rights — application versus renewal; annual/area charges; allocation of vacated areas; public officer not per se disqualified from holding mining rights; burden of proof on applicant.
Judgment 30 July 2021
Interlocutory injunction granted to restrain alleged unlawful mining/exploration on disputed land pending trial.
Interlocutory injunction — American Cyanamid test: serious question to be tried; adequacy of damages; balance of convenience — preservation of status quo — competing surface rights and mining/exploration rights — environmental assessment and Director of Mines' consent issues.
Judgment 22 August 2020
Injunction granted to protect an environmentally sensitive aquifer; State immunity does not shield an SPV from court orders.
Environmental law – interim injunction to protect environmentally sensitive recharge area; EMA s4 right to clean environment; ZEMA Protection Order and Decision Letter; pre‑conditions (WARMA compliance, hydrological study) as conditions precedent; State Proceedings Act – SPV separate legal personality not immune; irreparable environmental harm and balance of convenience.
Judgment 17 February 2020
A party likely to be affected by reissued exploration rights ought to be joined under Order 14/5(1) HCR.
Procedure — Joinder of parties — Order 14/5(1) HCR and Order 15/4(1) RSC — person entitled to or claiming interest in the subject matter or likely to be affected — ministerial cancellation and reissuance of petroleum exploration licence — discretion to join aimed at effective adjudication — distinction from Abel Mulenga.
Judgment 28 November 2018
Court quashed verbal timber export ban for illegality, ordered licences issued; damages claim dismissed.
Judicial review — Forests Act (ss. 50, 53, 62) — Illegality and procedural impropriety for failure to give written notice and show cause — Ministerial verbal export ban unsupported by statute — Mandamus to statutory officer to issue/renew licences — Damages/compensation dismissed; s.56(1)(b) bars compensation.
Judgment 28 July 2018
High Court retains jurisdiction to hear trespass and nuisance claims where respondents lack mining or non-mining rights.
Mining Appeals Tribunal – scope of jurisdiction – Sections 96–98, 100 Mines and Minerals Development Act – original versus appellate jurisdiction – statutory interpretation – trespass and nuisance claims against persons without mining rights – mode of commencement and jurisdiction.
Judgment 12 June 2018
Judgment 23 February 2018
Court allowed final extension to file record of appeal, finding delay not inordinate nor prejudicial.
Civil procedure – appeal – extension of time to file record of appeal – Order 13 Rule 3(3) Court of Appeal Rules – inordinate delay a question of fact – prejudice to respondent – dismissal for want of prosecution.
Judgment 28 November 2017
Plaintiff’s Sheriff-auction acquisition of immovable mining assets failed due to irregular execution and lack of statutory surface rights and licence.
Civil procedure – Execution and sale by Sheriff – writ of fieri facias vs sale of immovable property; Sheriff’s Act ss14–15 – indemnity and purchaser protection; High Court Rules Order XLII – elegit and execution procedure; Mines and Minerals Development Act – mineral processing licence, surface rights, village consent and Zambian shareholding requirements; bona fide purchaser for value/no notice.
Judgment 28 September 2017
A court cannot enter judgment on admission based on interlocutory findings; admissions must be clear and unconditional.
Civil procedure – Judgment on admission – admissions must be clear, unequivocal and unconditional – Order 21 HCR and Order 27 RSC; Interlocutory injunction – limits of findings at interlocutory stage; affidavit evidence incomplete and not substitute for trial; discretion to enter judgment on admission; remittal for trial.
Judgment 14 September 2017
An appeal based on inconsistent appeal documents and a late amendment request is incompetent and dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – Appeal – Memorandum of appeal must comply with Rule 58(2) – Inconsistent notice of appeal and grounds – Amendment of memorandum sought late – Prejudice to respondent – Appeal held incompetent and dismissed.
Judgment 24 November 2015
EIA consultation rights are not limited to title-holders; project approvals and remedial consultations justified dismissal of the appeal.
Environmental law – EIA process and public consultation; locus standi not confined to title-holders; admissibility and weight of expert evidence; mining licence/outsourcing; Ministerial suspension and legitimate expectation; procedural compliance for change of land use.
Judgment 30 October 2014
Default judgment entered prematurely was irregular; respondent lacked locus standi to sue over the public Environmental Protection Fund.
Civil procedure – Default judgment – Irregular entry before 21 days contrary to Practice Direction – Effect of irregular default judgment; Constitutional/public law – Locus standi under Mines and Minerals Development Act s.123 – Private litigant cannot compel EPF payments; Environmental Protection Fund – claims against public fund are State prerogative; Frivolous and vexatious claims; Costs follow event.
Judgment 26 November 2013
Equitable assignment of land prevails over a later certificate issued in error; later title cancelled under s.34(1)(e).
Property law – equitable interest from unregistered assignment; priority of earlier title over later certificate; Commissioner of Lands’ improvident allocation; s.34(1)(e) Lands and Deeds Registry Act – cancellation of later certificate; no damages without proof.
Judgment 16 October 2013
Receiver appointed by equitable execution over identifiable mining licence after fi.fa execution failed; affidavit of fitness dispensed with.
Equitable execution – appointment of receiver where writ of fi.fa failed; Order 30 RSC – description of property and affidavit of fitness; mining licence/mineral right as realisable asset; injunction ancillary to receivership; security, remuneration and accounts of receiver.
Judgment 21 March 2013
Local authority’s unauthorized offer letters gave rise to refundable payments and a duty to recommend plaintiffs to the Commissioner of Lands.
Local government — State land allocation — Local authority issuing offer letters outside Commissioner of Lands’ powers — Illegality defence — Specific performance inappropriate where alienation power vested in Commissioner — Damages and administrative recommendation as remedy.
Judgment 16 October 2012
Council's sand levy including crushed stones upheld as intra vires; originating summons appropriate; no double taxation found.
Local Government levies – By-laws imposing sand levy inclusive of crushed stones – Proper procedure (originating summons) for statutory construction – Wednesbury unreasonableness – No double taxation where national mining fees and local levies serve different taxing purposes.
Judgment 3 August 2012
Whether an interlocutory injunction should restrain defendants amid competing registered title and customary occupation claims.
Civil procedure — Interim injunction — Land dispute — Registered title v customary occupation — Balance of convenience and risk of creating new conditions pending trial — Discharge of ex parte injunction.
Judgment 5 March 2012
Mandatory interlocutory injunction ordered to remove unauthorised traders from road reserve due to safety risks and likely plaintiff success.
Interlocutory mandatory injunction — removal of unauthorised traders from road reserve — licencees without title or licence — balance of convenience and public safety — enforcement of judgment on admission.
Judgment 14 June 2011
A caveator must prove an enforceable interest; mere assertion that land lies in a National Park does not justify a caveat.
Lands and Deeds Registry Act ss.76,77,81 – caveat requires disclosure and proof of an enforceable/beneficial interest; Zambia Wildlife Act s.13(1)(b) – grants in National Parks permissible if consistent with Act; burden of proof on caveator to show cause; inadmissibility of legal argument in affidavits (Order 5 Rules 15–16).
Judgment 26 May 2011
Whether land grants made during de‑gazettement remain valid and whether allocations after re‑gazettement without statutory authority are lawful.
Forest law – de‑gazettement and re‑gazettement – validity of grants made during de‑gazetted period; Administrative law – judicial review – illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety of grants made after re‑gazettement without statutory authority; Civil procedure – availability of declaratory relief in judicial review and counter‑claims (Order 53).
Judgment 10 January 2006
A first‑class magistrate deputed within the same district may try an uncommenced case without formal transfer; an unjustified discharge is a nullity.
Criminal procedure – Transfer between magistrates of the same class within the same district – Formal order of transfer unnecessary for uncommenced (not part‑heard) cases – Discharge without hearing can be nullity and not an acquittal.
Judgment 7 April 1980