Constitutional Court of Zambia - 2024

27 judgments
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27 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2024
Whether transitional savings preserved the repealed term‑limit regime, rendering the former president ineligible for future presidential elections.
Constitutional interpretation; transitional provisions (Act No.1 of 2016, ss.2 & 7); repealed Article 35 (1991 Constitution); Article 106(3) term limits; per incuriam and stare decisis; res judicata; eligibility to stand for presidency.
10 December 2024
November 2024
Originating summons for abstract interpretation of Article 74(2) dismissed as the dispute is personalized, contentious and requires trial.
Constitutional interpretation – Originating summons – Criteria for abstract interpretation: questions must be sole constitutional questions, general (non-personalized), prospective and non-contentious – Article 74(2) (Leader of the Opposition) – Disputed party processes and Speaker’s role – Suitability for interpretation declined.
13 November 2024
Context determines whether an indigenous word is insulting; contextual evidence lacking, petition dismissed and costs awarded.
Constitutional law — alleged insulting public language by President — contextual interpretation of indigenous language — proof required to show constitutional breach — petitions lacking contextual evidence may be dismissed as frivolous and vexatious — costs awarded.
11 November 2024
Court granted extension to file a reply, finding an inadvertent date misunderstanding and no prejudice to the applicant.
Civil procedure – Extension of time under Order XV, rule 7 CCR – Discretionary relief for filing out of time – Inadvertent misunderstanding of orally pronounced date as sufficient ground – Consideration of promptness and prejudice – Costs not awarded.
5 November 2024
October 2024
An interim stay cannot be granted where the presidential suspension has already been implemented; single judge declined to decide standing.
Constitutional procedure — interim relief in original jurisdiction — Order X Rule 2 and Order IX Rule 20 CCR — locus standi — single judge v full Court competence — stay of decision unavailable once decision implemented — res judicata and JCC disciplinary process.
29 October 2024
Constitutional electoral timelines (90‑day by‑election; 7/21‑day nomination challenge) are mandatory and cannot be extended by court proceedings.
Constitutional time limits – Article 57(1) 90‑day by‑election rule mandatory – Article 52(4) nomination challenge 7/21‑day rule – Courts may not enlarge constitutional timelines – Vacancy determinations governed by Article 159, Electoral Process Act and Local Government Act – Article 128(2) referral regime; originating interpretation permitted in exceptional circumstances.
15 October 2024
A presidential remission shortens imprisonment but does not expunge conviction or restore pre‑conviction employment rights.
Constitutional law — prerogative of mercy — remission vs pardon — effect on conviction and disqualification from office; Jurisdiction — Article 128 limits challenges to Part Three/regulatory schemes; Interpretation — construing Order of Release against Article 97(1).
11 October 2024
Recusal application alleging judicial bias dismissed for lack of cogent evidence; presumption of impartiality upheld.
Constitutional law – Recusal – Judicial impartiality presumption – High standard of proof for bias – Reliance on prior rulings, remote corporate links or unproven family ties insufficient – Abuse of process/forum shopping concerns.
3 October 2024
July 2024
Petition challenging Penal Code's "order of nature" provisions raises substantial constitutional issues; Court orders full hearing before a single judge.
Constitutional jurisdiction – Article 128 (subject to Article 28) – jurisdiction to interpret Constitution in petition – challenges to Penal Code for vagueness, discrimination, dignity and privacy – requirement of full hearing before determination.
29 July 2024
Whether a retiree retained on the payroll pending pension payment is entitled to later salary increments and continued pension contributions.
Constitutional law — pension rights — Articles 187 and 189 — interpretation of retention on payroll — entitlement to salary increments while retained — remittance of pension contributions — calculation of pension based on last salary.
26 July 2024
Constitutional Court lacks jurisdiction to determine Part III (Bill of Rights) challenges to court‑martial rules; High Court/Supreme Court are the proper forums.
Constitutional jurisdiction – Article 128(1)(e) read with Article 28 – Part III (Bill of Rights) jurisdiction reserved to High Court (original) and Supreme Court (appeal) – Constitutional Court lacks jurisdiction to invalidate court-martial rules under Part III – civil proceedings cannot stay criminal/court‑martial proceedings – Article 79(3) referendum requirement to amend Part III.
26 July 2024
Petitioner failed to prove that presidential remarks or appointments breached constitutional values or Article 259 regional‑balancing requirements.
Constitutional values—patriotism and national unity; Article 259—appointments and regional diversity ('where possible'); mandatory requisite qualifications; burden of proof on petitioner to adduce cogent factual evidence; dismissal for lack of evidentiary foundation.
10 July 2024
Court dismissed a preliminary motion, holding contested constitutional issues unsuitable for summary determination and ordered a full hearing.
Constitutional procedure — res judicata and abuse of process — functus officio and jurisdiction — Article 101(4) electoral challenge timeframe — Order 14A White Book; summary determination vs full trial.
9 July 2024
The applicant’s discontinuance was allowed; the Court exercised discretion and ordered each party to bear their own costs.
Constitutional Court — Discontinuance under Order X r.3 CCR; costs discretionary under s.30 CCA; finality of interlocutory costs orders; promotion of ADR (Art.118(2)(d)); discontinuance does not affect cross-petitions/committal proceedings.
8 July 2024
June 2024
The applicant's constitutional challenge to ZIALE's investigation and withholding of results was dismissed for lack of constitutional breach.
Administrative law; statutory body investigatory powers; Rule 29 ZIALE Student Rules; Article 235 (investigative commissions); natural justice/right to be heard; forum/jurisdiction for discrimination claims; delay in disciplinary proceedings; no proof of collusion with employer.
28 June 2024
Petition dismissed for want of jurisdiction because it alleged breaches of a party constitution, not a discernible violation of Article 60(2).
Constitutional jurisdiction – Article 128 – Requirement to plead nature of alleged constitutional contravention; Political parties – limits of Constitutional Court jurisdiction – internal party constitutions; Forum shopping/multiplicity of actions – preliminary objection rendered otiose where jurisdiction lacking.
27 June 2024
Leader of the opposition is elected by the largest opposition party via internal processes; Speaker only receives written notification.
Constitutional law – Article 74(2) – leader of the opposition – meaning of "elect" – internal party selection – Article 60(2)(d),(e) – intra‑party democracy – Speaker's role under Rule 43 – National Assembly Standing Orders.
25 June 2024
Petition alleging presidential travel was wasteful and unconstitutional was dismissed for lack of cogent evidence; each party bears own costs.
Constitutional values and public service principles; public finance principles; wasteful expenditure under PFMA; burden of proof; budget appropriation and separation of powers; limits of judicial notice and judicial fact-finding.
17 June 2024
Notice of motion dismissed because respondent's answer lacked the mandatory opposing affidavit, depriving Court of jurisdiction under Order 14A.
Constitutional Court procedure — mandatory requirement for respondent's answer to a petition to be supported by an opposing affidavit; Order 14A summary procedure — notice of intention to defend; suitability of constitutional issues for summary determination; retrospective application of constitutional amendment; applicability of contractual/ZSIC-managed pension benefits to Article 189(2)/LASF.
7 June 2024
A judicial officer who declines retirement at 55 may only retire upon attaining 65, not at any intervening age.
Constitutional interpretation — Article 145(3) & (4) — retirement ages for judicial officers — literal rule — 'may' v 'shall' — option to retire at 55 limited to the moment of attaining 55 — mandatory retirement at 65.
6 June 2024
April 2024
Court dismissed challenge, holding NRC 'origin' particulars are statutory/administrative matters, not a pure interpretation of Articles 34–37.
Constitutional interpretation – Citizenship (Articles 34–37) – NRC particulars – origin of name, language, tribe – distinction between constitutional provisions and statutory/regulatory procedures – Originating Summons jurisdictional criteria.
30 April 2024
Petition challenging tourism concession allocations dismissed as statutory, not constitutional, matters; statutory remedies and ordinary courts appropriate.
Environmental law — Alleged unlawful award of tourism concessions — Statutory remedies under Zambia Wildlife Act (sections 5, 7, 29, 38) — Constitutional Court jurisdiction; public participation and access to environmental information — adaptive management processes vs statutory general management plans.
16 April 2024
March 2024
The Constitutional Court lacks power to stay subordinate criminal proceedings; the single judge's stay was nullified and discharged.
Constitutional jurisdiction – stay of criminal proceedings – inherent jurisdiction – interlocutory applications – orders made without jurisdiction are nullities.
15 March 2024
February 2024
Intended Party joined as 3rd Respondent because the reliefs directly affect him; no costs awarded.
Constitutional procedure – Joinder of parties under Order V r.4(b) CCR – Reference to Order 15 White Book – Sufficient interest for joinder – Right to be heard before orders affecting individual – Costs discretionary.
23 February 2024
Whether the petitioner should have remained on the respondent's payroll pending payment of a commuted LASF lump-sum pension benefit.
Constitutional law — Pensions — Article 189(1)–(2) (retention on payroll) — Section 25 LASF Act (commutation of annuity to lump-sum) — Pension benefit defined — Separation of employer obligations and multi-employer pension fund responsibilities.
9 February 2024
January 2024
Nomination disputes belong to Article 52(4) proceedings; election petitions require proving substantial non‑compliance affecting results.
Electoral law – nomination challenges – Article 52(4) Constitution – election petitions – section 97(2)(b) EPA (substantial non‑compliance affecting result) – jurisdiction and lapsing of stay – abuse of court process.
25 January 2024
An individual directly affected by interpretation of Article 74(2) may be joined as an interested party to adjudicate rights and issues.
Constitutional procedure – Joinder of interested parties – Order V Rule 6(1) CCR – Definition of interested party – Discretionary joinder where applicant has sufficient interest; Interpretation of Article 74(2) – Non‑personalised constitutional questions – Procedural timetabling.
17 January 2024