Industrial Relations Division

92 judgments
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Results. 92 judgments found.

92 judgments
December 2023
Summary dismissal for gross misconduct upheld; damages and pension claims dismissed, leave to appeal granted.
  • Employment law — wrongful v unfair dismissal; disciplinary procedure and natural justice; summary dismissal for gross misconduct; discrimination claims burden; entitlement to terminal benefits requires pension contributions.
15 December 2023
A live-in domestic worker was held entitled to accrued leave, severance (from transition date), separation package and notice pay from the respondent employer.
  • Employment law — Domestic worker — Employer liability where worker serves in matrimonial home — Application of Minimum Wages and Conditions of Employment (Domestic Workers) Order and Employment Code Act — Accrued leave pay, prorated severance, separation package and notice pay.
8 December 2023
November 2023
Summary dismissal for being drunk on duty upheld based on reliable blood-alcohol evidence and proper disciplinary procedure.
  • Employment law — unfair dismissal — drunk on duty — employer's evidential burden (s.52(5) Employment Code Act) — reliability of blood alcohol test and medical interpretation — disciplinary procedure and right to be heard.
30 November 2023
Complainant awarded leave pay, K270,000 salary arrears and access to retrieve goods; counterclaims dismissed and costs awarded.
  • Employment law — unpaid salary arrears and accrued leave — proof and admissible quantum; claim inflation at trial; counter‑claims dismissed for want of prosecution; costs for unreasonable conduct under Rule 44; trial in absence after proper service; interest at commercial bank deposit and Bank of Zambia lending rates.
23 November 2023
3 November 2023
October 2023
Employee deemed confirmed after probation; termination by redundancy was unlawful and unfair—six months' salary awarded.
  • Employment law — redundancy vs retrenchment; confirmation after probation; employer duty to give notice and consult under Employment Code (s55); right of re‑employment after redundancy (s57); requirement for genuine reorganisation, selection criteria and board authorisation; measure of damages for unlawful/unfair dismissal.
26 October 2023
September 2023
Redundancy established: employees awarded statutory redundancy pay and salary arrears; accrued leave claim failed; joinder refused.
  • Employment law — redundancy versus retrenchment — application of Employment Code Act s.55; computation of redundancy pay (pre- and post-9 May 2020); entitlement to salary pending unpaid redundancy (s.55(3)(b)); statutory exemptions to annual leave (SI No.48 of 2020); joinder of third parties — requirement of evidential basis.
22 September 2023
Complainant entitled to accrued leave and salary, but not statutory gratuity absent a qualifying long-term contract.
  • Employment law — jurisdiction to file complaint out of time; accrued benefits payable despite dismissal; gratuity under Employment Code Act 2019 applies to long-term contracts only; distinction between permanent and long-term contracts; non-retroactivity/contractual entitlement to gratuity.
6 September 2023
August 2023
Expatriate employee unlawfully terminated without reasons; awarded 12 months' salary, redundancy and mental distress claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — Expatriate employment and skills-transfer — Requirement to give substantiated reasons for termination (Employment Code Act s52) — Unilateral withdrawal of notice invalid without consent — Unlawful but not wrongful termination — Damages: 12 months' basic salary — Redundancy and mental distress claims dismissed.
21 August 2023
July 2023
Registrar granted leave under s85(3) to file an out-of-time complaint, finding the delay not deliberate and imposing a 14-day deadline.
  • Industrial Relations Act s85(3) — Registrar's discretionary power — Leave to file out-of-time complaint — Delay not deliberate — 14-day filing deadline.
10 July 2023
June 2023
Probation dismissals require statutory assessment and hearing; failure renders dismissal unfair, unlawful and compensable.
  • Employment law — probation — statutory procedural requirements (assessment, communication, right to be heard) — management status vs unionised employee — re‑designation under Minimum Wages and Conditions of Employment (General) Order — prohibition on contracting out of mandatory Employment Code provisions — remedies: damages, statutory underpayments, severance, interest.
22 June 2023
February 2023
Employer failed to prove bona fide operational requirements; terminations were unfair and damages awarded (five months' salary each).
  • Employment law — redundancy v. termination — operational requirements — burden of proof on employer under s.52(5) Employment Code Act — unfair/unlawful dismissal — damages.
13 February 2023
Employer dismissed employees without charge or hearing; dismissals held wrongful and unfair, awarding 24 months' salary as damages.
  • Employment law — Employment status — wrongful and unfair dismissal — breach of natural justice and s.52(3) Employment Code Act — damages (24 months’ salary) — suspension without pay — costs for unreasonable delay.
10 February 2023
Employment performed in Zambia is governed by Zambian law; summary dismissal without a hearing is unfair and attracts damages.
  • Employment law — Governing law for contracts performed in Zambia — Incorporation of external terms — Wrongful v. unfair dismissal — Requirement to give valid reasons and hearing before summary dismissal — Remedies: damages, notice pay, return of employer property — Counterclaim must be pleaded.
3 February 2023
January 2023
Employer's financial inability did not establish redundancy; employees entitled to notice pay, accrued leave and gratuity post-Act commencement.
  • Employment law — redundancy v operational requirements — section 55 Employment Code Act — notice entitlement (s.53) — accrued leave — gratuity entitlement under Employment Code Act (25% for long-term contract period) — assessment by Deputy Registrar — interest and costs.
20 January 2023
Termination for employer financial difficulty is not automatic redundancy; employees entitled to notice pay, accrued leave and post‑Act gratuity.
  • Employment law — termination — redundancy v operational/financial reasons — application to oral contracts; notice entitlement; payment for accrued leave; gratuity under Employment Code Act s73; assessment by Deputy Registrar; interest; leave to appeal.
20 January 2023
December 2022
Summary dismissal upheld where senior officer admitted misconduct; not discriminatory and VSS claim fails due to ineligibility.
  • Employment law — summary dismissal — disciplinary procedure and natural justice — admission of misconduct — proportionality of sanction for senior/controlling officer — discrimination in dismissal — voluntary separation scheme eligibility.
16 December 2022
Unilateral variation of employment terms without consent constituted redundancy; statutory redundancy and gratuity remedies ordered.
  • Employment law — redundancy — unilateral variation of basic conditions of service without consent constitutes redundancy (s.55(1)(c)) — automatic termination on date of variation — procedural notice under s.55(2) not required where variation effects termination — redundancy payment minimum: two months’ pay per year served (s.55(3)) — entitlement to gratuity (25%) (s.73).
13 December 2022
Termination triggered by the principal contract's end was lawful; redundancy claims dismissed; accrued leave payable.
  • Employment law — termination by operation of contractual clause upon end of principal contract; distinction between wrongful and unfair termination; redundancy entitlement; proof of statutory benefits; assessment of accrued leave.
8 December 2022
Employee unfairly dismissed for private conduct outside employment; awarded 24 months' salary damages and accrued leave assessment.
  • Employment law — dismissal — distinction between wrongful (procedural) and unfair (substantive) dismissal — conduct outside course of employment not proper ground for disciplinary dismissal — reinstatement sparingly granted — damages as alternative remedy — entitlement to accrued leave; failure to prove other statutory benefits.
6 December 2022
November 2022
Registrar granted leave to file complaint out of time under Section 85(3) due to non‑deliberate delay.
  • Industrial Relations Court Act s.85(3) — leave to file complaint out of time — Registrar’s discretion — affidavit evidence — non‑deliberate delay.
14 November 2022
The complainant's summary dismissal for unauthorised removal of company property and attempted bribery was procedurally and substantively fair.
  • Employment law — disciplinary code applicability — procedural fairness under section 52(3) Employment Code Act — unauthorised removal of company property — attempted bribery — summary dismissal — substratum of facts and proportionality of sanction.
1 November 2022
September 2022
Dismissal without formal charge or hearing is wrongful and unfair; six months' salary awarded, terminal benefits claim dismissed.
  • Employment law — wrongful and unfair dismissal; failure to charge and afford hearing; breach of disciplinary procedure and Employment Code Act; damages awarded (six months' salary plus allowances) with interest; terminal benefits dismissed where already paid; assessment by Deputy Registrar.
16 September 2022
Summary dismissal for unauthorised absence/desertion upheld; only unpaid accrued leave awarded with interest; other claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — Summary dismissal for unauthorised absence/desertion — Fairness assessed by reason for dismissal notwithstanding procedural non-compliance — Claimant failed to prove entitlement to subsistence allowances and wages — Accrued leave payable with interest.
13 September 2022
Court found dismissals wrongful and unfair, awarding damages, allowances and unpaid July salaries to the complainants.
  • Employment law — wrongful and unfair dismissal; disciplinary procedure and natural justice; insufficiency of evidence for alleged falsification/conspiracy; remedies — damages, unpaid salaries, extra duty and big-class allowances; gratuity deductions and NAPSA remittances.
12 September 2022
August 2022
Most complainants’ claims were statute‑barred under Section 85(3); only two complaints were timely and allowed to proceed.
  • Industrial Relations Act s85(3) — limitation and jurisdiction; exhaustion of administrative channels; procedural compliance — Order 14A vs Industrial Relations Court Rules; affidavit jurat defect — defect in form curable under s47 Interpretation and General Provisions Act; dismissal for want of jurisdiction; leave to appeal granted.
18 August 2022
An employer lawfully dismissed the applicant for procedural breaches and unauthorised removal of property despite criminal acquittal.
  • Employment law — unfair dismissal; disciplinary procedure and right to be heard; administrative discipline despite criminal acquittal; burden of proof in disciplinary proceedings; proportionality of sanctions.
17 August 2022
Court found dismissal for dishonest conduct procedurally fair and substantively justified; wrongful and unfair dismissal claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — dismissal — wrongful (procedural) v unfair (substantive) dismissal — disciplinary procedure and natural justice — internal disciplinary proceedings concurrent with criminal prosecution — sufficiency of factual substratum to support summary dismissal for dishonest conduct — company gate pass/fuel policy.
2 August 2022
Court found dismissal procedurally regular and substantively justified; claims for wrongful and unfair dismissal dismissed.
  • Employment law — wrongful (procedural) dismissal; unfair (substantive) dismissal — compliance with disciplinary code and natural justice — substratum of facts to support dismissal — concurrent internal disciplinary and criminal proceedings.
2 August 2022
June 2022
Employee dismissed after refusing to attend disciplinary hearings; accrued leave awarded, dismissal and terminal benefits claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — dismissal for misconduct — statutory right to be heard (s.52(3) Employment Code; clause 10(c) collective agreement) — refusal to attend disciplinary hearing — accrued leave entitlement — unjust enrichment and terminal benefits.
30 June 2022
Claims for contractual allowances, bonus variation, redundancy and wrongful termination dismissed; respondent must issue certificate of service.
  • Employment law — contractual terms trump verbal promises; allowances must be contractually or statutorily provided; discretionary bonuses not contractual; employer may transfer employees within Zambia if contract permits; refusal to accept lawful redeployment may amount to resignation/desertion; mandatory issuance of certificate of service under Employment Code Act.
30 June 2022
Discretionary bonuses and intra‑company transfers permitted by contract do not automatically give rise to redundancy or unlawful variation; employer must issue certificate of service.
  • Employment law — allowances and arrears; discretionary bonuses — not contractual entitlements; intra‑company transfers — contractual transfer clause and statutory provisions; redundancy and desertion; duty to issue certificate of service.
30 June 2022
Termination under the contract's notice clause for operational requirements was lawful; wrongful dismissal claim dismissed.
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30 June 2022
March 2022
Summary dismissal without a hearing breached natural justice and s52(3), warranting damages and payment for accrued leave.
  • Employment law — summary dismissal in absentia — duty to accord opportunity to be heard (natural justice; Employment Code s52(3)) — entitlement to accrued leave where employer fails to prove forfeiture policy.
31 March 2022
Summary dismissal upheld for misconduct; accrued leave payable, damages and unspecified terminal benefits claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — summary dismissal for misconduct — procedural fairness and substratum of facts — entitlement to accrued leave despite summary dismissal — failure to prove unspecified terminal benefits.
2 March 2022
February 2022
Summary dismissal for unauthorised removal of company property upheld; accrued leave payable, unspecified service benefits not proven.
  • Employment law — unfair dismissal — summary dismissal for unauthorised removal of company property/theft — disciplinary procedure and opportunity to be heard — substratum of facts required — accrued leave payable despite summary dismissal.
23 February 2022
Failure to apply for leave to file out of time under Section 85(3) renders an Industrial Relations complaint incompetent and statute‑barred.
  • Industrial relations — Limitation and jurisdiction — Section 85(3) ILR Act — Mandatory 90‑day filing period — Leave to file out of time required before commencement — Reasons for delay must exist before expiry — Article 118(2)(e) does not negate jurisdictional procedural requirements.
10 February 2022
December 2021
Employment Code equal-pay rules required employer to remedy salary and housing allowance disparities from 9 May 2020.
  • Employment law — equal pay for equal work — Employment Code s5(4) — transitional provisions and effective date (9 May 2020) — employer burden to prove remuneration policy — housing entitlement s92 — underpayment of salary, leave and gratuity.
2 December 2021
August 2021
Summary dismissal upheld for conflict of interest; complainant awarded unpaid salary and leave, commission and counterclaims dismissed.
  • Employment law — conflict of interest, implied duty of fidelity and loyalty — summary dismissal for gross misconduct and dishonesty — conditional commission incentives — procedural fairness and opportunity to be heard — counter-claims for account and surrender of proceeds; resident permit administrative issue.
26 August 2021
July 2021
Failure to state statutory reasons for termination breached the Employment (Amendment) Act; employee awarded damages, pension and NAPSA remittance.
  • Employment law — Termination — Requirement to give reasons under s.5(a) Employment (Amendment) Act No.15 of 2015 — Natural justice and disciplinary process — Damages, pension payment and NAPSA remittance ordered.
26 July 2021
November 2020
Where the dispute arose after Constitution Amendment Act No. 2 of 2016, no leave is required to file the complaint out of time.
  • Industrial relations — leave to file out of time — applicability of section 85(3) ILRA — effect of Constitution Amendment Act No. 2 of 2016 — amicable settlement attempts as excuse for delay.
6 November 2020
March 2018
Court upheld bona fide operational-requirements dismissals after finding genuine reorganisation and lawful termination.
  • Employment law — termination for operational requirements — statutory requirement for valid reason (Employment Amendment Act 2015 s.36(3)) — courts may delve behind contractual notice clauses — bona fide reorganisation — proof of operational necessity.
7 March 2018