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Whether criminalising defamation of the President under s.69 infringes freedom of expression or constitutes unconstitutional discrimination.
Criminal defamation of the President – Freedom of expression (Article 20): permissible, limited restrictions – "Law" requirement, vagueness/overbreadth – Legitimate aims: protection of reputation and public order – Proportionality and reasonable justification in a democratic society – Non‑discrimination (Article 23): office‑based protection not covered by enumerated discriminatory grounds.
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