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Absence of post‑mortem not fatal if lay evidence proves death from assault; drinking can be an extenuating circumstance.
Evidence — absence of post‑mortem; causation established by cogent lay evidence. Criminal law — malice aforethought; intention to cause grievous harm/death. Sentencing — extenuating circumstances may include drinking, failed provocation, witchcraft accusation; youth not automatically extenuating. Death sentence quashed and substituted due to sentencing misdirection.
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