Constitutional Court of Zambia

272 judgments
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Results. 272 judgments found.

272 judgments
January 2022
Court refused to interpret Article 52(6) because the applicant’s challenge was speculative, academic and lacked a factual cause of action.
  • Constitutional law — Article 52(6) — Interpretation of Electoral Commission’s power to cancel elections — Justiciability and ripeness — Cause of action required before constitutional interpretation — Court will not give advisory opinions on hypothetical scenarios.
19 January 2022
November 2021
A contractual dispute alleging abuse by a lender was dismissed for want of constitutional jurisdiction; national values are not independently justiciable.
  • Constitutional jurisdiction — national values and principles (Articles 8 & 9) guide interpretation but are not independently justiciable — Constitutional Court limited to matters of constitutional interpretation or alleged contraventions (Article 128) — contractual/statutory disputes fall outside Constitutional Court’s original jurisdiction.
29 November 2021
Constitutional Court upheld enforcement of Supreme Court time limits, holding procedural rules cannot be bypassed as mere technicalities.
  • Constitutional jurisdiction — Article 118(1) and 118(2)(e) — procedural technicalities — enforcement of court rules — Rule 48(5) time limits — discretionary dismissal by Supreme Court — limits on Constitutional Court review.
24 November 2021
Petitioner failed to prove misconduct by the candidate or his election agent that could void the election under section 97(2)(a) EPA.
  • Electoral law — Election petitions — Section 97(2)(a) EPA — Standard of proof (fairly high degree of convincing clarity) — Liability limited to acts of candidate or duly appointed election/polling agents — Need for corroboration of partisan evidence — Absence from totaling centre not fatal (s36).
22 November 2021
October 2021
Retention on payroll under Article 189 applies only where the terminal payment qualifies as a pension benefit under relevant law.
  • Constitutional law — Article 189(1)&(2): pension benefits and retention on payroll; SI No. 48/2020 (Employment Code exemptions) does not displace Article 189; statutory definition of gratuity under Employment Code Act — long‑term contracts; distinction between Article 67 abstract review and concrete enforcement under Article 128/189.
27 October 2021
September 2021
Whether contractual gratuity from a fixed-term employment is a constitutionally protected pension benefit entitling payroll retention.
  • Constitutional law — Articles 187, 189, 266 — definition of "pension benefit" includes gratuity but must be read with applicable pension statutes — fixed-term contract gratuity — retention on payroll — interaction between constitutional protection and statutory pension/occupational laws — burden of proof on claimant.
20 September 2021
17 September 2021
August 2021
Whether the President complied with constitutional gender parity and representation requirements in nominations and ministerial appointments.
  • Constitutional law — Article 259(1) — mandatory gender parity and representation requirements with provisos for "impracticability" and qualification; Article 173 public service values not applicable to parliamentary nominations or ministerial appointments; presidential discretion constrained by constitutional requirements; evidentiary burden and role of political parties in realizing gender parity.
18 August 2021
July 2021
Whether a payroll-retention claim pending severance is a constitutional matter or an Industrial Relations Division dispute.
  • Constitutional jurisdiction — Article 128 — referral under Article 128(2) — limits on appeals against refusal to refer; Industrial Relations Division — exclusive jurisdiction under s.85 and s.85A — employer–employee disputes; Article 189 — payroll retention pending severance; procedural commencement (originating summons vs petition).
20 July 2021
13 July 2021
June 2021
Whether Article 63(2)(d) requires the National Assembly’s prior approval of all public borrowing or only of categories prescribed by Parliament.
  • Constitutional law — public borrowing — scope of Article 63(2)(d) — whether all public debt requires prior National Assembly approval — relationship with Article 207(1)–(2) — transitional operation of Loans and Guarantees (Authorisation) Act (Cap. 366) — requirement for Parliament to enact or amend legislation to specify loans requiring approval.
30 June 2021
13 June 2021
11 June 2021
11 June 2021
4 June 2021
May 2021
Application seeking re-interpretation of Article 106 was dismissed as abuse of process; only Article 70(2)(f) question remains.
  • Constitutional interpretation — Article 106 (presidential term limits) — finality of constitutional adjudication — res judicata/abuse of process — functus officio — Article 70(2)(f) (suspended sentence and parliamentary eligibility) — procedural dismissal.
18 May 2021
Application to reinterpret minimum academic qualification requirement dismissed as res judicata in light of prior Constitutional Court decision.
  • Constitutional interpretation — Article 70(1)(d) — Minimum academic qualification (Grade 12 certificate or equivalent) — Res judicata — Functus officio — Electoral qualification — Interpretation previously settled by Constitutional Court (Bizwayo Newton Nkunika).
14 May 2021
March 2021
The respondent's application to correct an alleged accidental omission was dismissed for failure to show a prima facie slip; procedural irregularity deemed curable.
  • Constitutional law — correction of judgments — Order XV rule 3 CCR — accidental omissions and clerical errors — prima facie showing required — finality of judgments; procedural compliance — Order IX rule 20(2) — summons grounds — curable irregularity; interpretation — 'chiefdom' and scope of judgment on recognition of chiefs under Article 165.
30 March 2021
Single judge refused stay of criminal proceedings as interlocutory relief was premature and merits require full-Court determination.
  • Constitutional law — stay of criminal proceedings — private prosecution — Article 180(8) DPP consent — interlocutory relief — jurisdiction of single judge — three‑pronged test (serious question, irreparable harm, balance of convenience).
25 March 2021
10 March 2021
February 2021
Constitutional Court lacks jurisdiction over chieftaincy succession and criminal inquiries; amended petition dismissed with each party bearing costs.
  • Constitutional Court jurisdiction — Article 128 and Article 28 — chieftaincy succession not a constitutional question — criminal matters and restitution of evidence outside Constitutional Court jurisdiction — res judicata and finality of litigation.
12 February 2021
Delay in transmission of a referral does not justify a duplicative constitutional petition; dismissal for abuse of court process.
  • Constitutional procedure — abuse of court process and duplicity of actions — filing a petition while a substantially identical High Court referral is pending — locus standi and statutory requirement for consent/leave under Corporate Insolvency Act considered but not decided.
10 February 2021
10 February 2021
A councilor cannot rescind a resignation during the 30-day notice period; vacancy occurs when that period lapses.
  • Constitutional law — Resignation of elected local officials — Article 157(2)(b) — No provision for rescission during the 30-day notice period — Vacancy occurs at end of notice period — By-election timeframe (Article 57) runs from vacancy.
4 February 2021
January 2021
The Constitutional Court lacks jurisdiction to hear appeals against a presiding court’s refusal to refer constitutional questions, except election appeals.
  • Constitutional Court — Jurisdiction — Article 128(1)(d) limits appeals to parliamentary and local government election petitions — Referral of constitutional questions under Article 128(2) — No appellate route to Constitutional Court for refusals to refer — Proper procedure: stay proceedings and commence original action in Constitutional Court.
29 January 2021
December 2020
Early retirement accepted by employer qualifies under Article 189(2); employee must be retained on payroll receiving salary until full pension payment.
  • Constitutional law — Article 189(1) & (2) — pension benefits — early retirement accepted by employer qualifies for constitutional protection — meaning of "retained on payroll" as continued salary payments until full liquidation of pension benefit — reinstatement to effect instalment payments insufficient.
10 December 2020
Accepted early retirement attracts Article 189(2) protection; employer must retain employee on payroll until full pension payment.
  • Constitutional law — pensions — Article 189(2) — meaning of "retained on the payroll" — early retirement accepted by employer qualifies for pension protection — payroll retention requires continued salary payments until full pension liquidation.
10 December 2020
November 2020
Interlocutory motion dismissed; Article 154's interpretation on conditions of service requires full adjudication, not a preliminary ruling.
  • Constitutional interpretation — Article 154 — conditions of service for mayors and council chairpersons; procedure — issues in limine under Order 33 r7; requirement to file affidavit in opposition under Constitutional Court Rules; interlocutory motions vs merits determination.
24 November 2020
19 November 2020
3 November 2020
October 2020
28 October 2020
20 October 2020
Court expunged several documents as irrelevant or unnecessary; affirmed judicial notice of statutes and authentication rules.
  • Civil procedure — discovery and inspection — timely objection to production of documents; Judicial notice — statutes and public Acts (Interpretation and General Provisions Act s.6(1)); Bills vs enacted law — draft Bills are proposed law and not admissible in place of enacted provisions; Parliamentary materials — debates and committee reports as opinion evidence; Authentication of foreign/public documents — requirements under Authentication of Documents Act; Interlocutory expunction of documents.
16 October 2020
September 2020
A party seeking to correct a full Court judgment must obtain leave of the full Court; an extension to file that application is competent.
  • Constitutional Court procedure — correction of accidental slips or omissions — Order XV Rules 3(1) and 7 CCR — extension of time by single Judge — requirement of leave of full Court where judgment delivered by full Court.
20 September 2020
July 2020
Court exercised discretion to allow respondent to file Answer out of time and awarded costs to the petitioner.
  • Civil procedure — Extension of time — Order XV Rule 7 Constitutional Court Rules and Order 3 Rule 5(2) White Book — Court’s discretion to extend time after expiry — considerations: reasons for delay, inordinate delay, prejudice and costs.
17 July 2020
The Constitutional Court ruled it lacks jurisdiction to quash or examine the contents of a bill proposing constitutional amendments.
  • Constitutional law — jurisdiction of Constitutional Court — pre-enactment review of bills — Article 128 — limits on challenging proposed legislation; Constitutional amendment — Article 79 formalities; national values and principles (Articles 8, 9, 61) — procedural legitimacy and public participation; doctrine of exclusive cognisance — limited where constitutional breaches alleged; dissent — preventive review to protect constitutional values.
3 July 2020
May 2020
29 May 2020
Article 189(2) protects retirees retained on the payroll; "salary" may include payroll allowances such as housing and utilities.
  • Constitutional law — Article 189(2) — meaning of "salary" — payroll entitlements — allowances (housing, utilities) may form part of last salary — Public Service Management Division Circulars — partial invalidation of administrative circulars — purposive interpretation.
20 May 2020
April 2020
Court granted extension to seek leave to correct an alleged accidental omission, guided by promptness and prejudice.
  • Constitutional Court procedure — extension of time under Order XV r7 CCR — correction of accidental omission — discretionary relief guided by promptness and prejudice — duty to do substantive justice (Article 118).
24 April 2020
February 2020
A committal notice must state on its face the exact particulars of alleged contempt; failure to do so is fatal.
  • Contempt of court — committal proceedings — Order 52 White Book — notice must be headed in the main action — particulars of alleged contempt must appear on the face of the notice or in an attached schedule — cannot rely on affidavit for particulars — failure to particularise is fatal.
19 February 2020
Court held Speaker exceeded powers by interpreting Article 72 and ruling on a sub judice matter; petition dismissed, each party to bear own costs.
  • Constitutional law — Separation of powers — Parliamentary exclusive cognisance — limits where alleged constitutional breach occurs; Speaker’s power to regulate proceedings; interpretation of the Constitution is a judicial function; sub judice rule and waiver; Article 72 (vacation of parliamentary seat), Article 77(1), Article 119; declaratory relief and justiciability when by-election and third-party interests exist.
18 February 2020
Section 97(2)(b) applies to ECZ conduct; widespread third‑party violence alone did not annul the Sesheke by‑election.
  • Electoral law — Electoral Process Act s.97(2)(b) — pertains to conduct of elections by the Electoral Commission of Zambia; annulment threshold — attributable misconduct; relevance of Josephat Mlewa under current law; electoral violence and burden of proof in election petitions.
5 February 2020
January 2020
Whether Article 104(3) requires the Speaker to perform presidential functions when a petition under Article 101(4) is filed.
  • Constitutional law — Presidential election petitions — Interpretation of Articles 101, 102, 103 and 104 — Applicability of Article 104(3) and Speaker's assumption of executive functions.
30 January 2020
December 2019
Election nullification reversed where allegations of bribery, theft and violence were unproven and not shown to affect the voting majority.
  • Electoral law — election petitions — standard of proof (fairly high degree of convincing clarity) — s.97(2)(a) Electoral Process Act — corrupt and illegal practices by candidate or with candidate's knowledge/agent — requirement to prove effect on majority of voters; procedural rules — filing of answer under Local Government Elections Tribunals Rules; admissibility and corroboration of hearsay, partisan witnesses and confessions.
11 December 2019
The JSC may discipline judicial officers either on JCC recommendation or on its own initiation under Article 241(c); petition dismissed.
  • Constitutional law — judicial discipline — roles of JCC and JSC — Article 241(c) permits JSC to initiate investigations and receive complaints; Judicial Service Commission Regulations (S.I. No.8/1998) valid as consistent with Constitution; Disciplinary Code for Public Service may apply to subordinate magistrates for ordinary offences; Public Finance Management Act contraventions are for High Court jurisdiction
9 December 2019
Placing a selected candidate on the chiefs' payroll is administrative, not constitutional recognition, so no breach of Articles 165 and 167.
  • Constitutional law — Chieftaincy succession — Article 165 (recognition of chiefs) — Article 167 (chiefs' privileges) — Payment of subsidies and placement on payroll not equivalent to constitutional recognition — Administrative acts versus recognition — Role of House of Chiefs and Chiefs Act.
4 December 2019
November 2019
Whether the Constitutional Court may judicially review a proposed constitutional amendment bill for compliance with national values and principles.
  • Constitutional law — Jurisdiction of Constitutional Court — Whether Court may review or quash a proposed bill before enactment; application of national values and principles (Arts. 8, 9, 61); limits of Article 128 jurisdiction.
29 November 2019
Sections 3–7 of the Chiefs Act conflict with Article 165 and are void; chieftaincy recognition must follow customary processes.
  • Constitutional law — supremacy of the Constitution — Article 165 guarantees chieftaincy per culture and forbids legislation conferring recognition or withdrawal powers — Sections 3–7 Chiefs Act inconsistent and void.
27 November 2019
Order VIII rule 1(1) requires physical presence for oral evidence; video-link testimony disallowed absent agreement or protocol.
  • Constitutional procedure — Evidence — Order VIII r.1(1): oral evidence in open court implies physical presence unless parties agree; alternatives (affidavits, dispensation, interrogatories) available; video‑link testimony not permitted absent procedural protocol or parties’ agreement.
25 November 2019
October 2019
Summons for judgment on admission dismissed because respondent gave no clear, unequivocal admission; each party bears own costs.
  • Civil procedure — Admission — Entry of judgment on admission requires clear, unequivocal admissions; Order 27 rule 3 White Book; Constitutional Court single-judge jurisdiction limits.
22 October 2019