High Court of Zambia

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3,420 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
September 2024
Interlocutory injunction refused and suit dismissed because a Power of Attorney cannot ordinarily confer standing to litigate.
Civil procedure – interlocutory injunctions – requirements of arguable case, irreparable injury and balance of convenience; Standing – inability to conduct litigation by Power of Attorney; necessity of principal’s personal availability; court’s power to determine parties for interlocutory relief.
23 September 2024
High Court lacked jurisdiction over planning dispute in a statutory improvement area; both claim and counterclaim dismissed for want of jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction — Urban and Regional Planning Act — Statutory Improvement Areas: Subordinate Court is court of first instance; res judicata and abuse of process bar re‑litigation; demolition/enforcement under planning law; counterclaim independent but constrained by prior proceedings.
20 September 2024
Leave to appeal and a stay of execution were refused because the proposed grounds lacked realistic prospects of success.
Civil procedure — Leave to appeal — Applicant must show realistic prospects of success; Stay of execution — not automatic pending appeal; applications on affidavit permitted.
20 September 2024
Convicted applicants failed to show exceptional circumstances or prospects of success; bail pending appeal denied.
Criminal procedure — Bail pending appeal — Convicted persons — Exceptional circumstances required — Prima facie prospects of success — Holding public office not per se exceptional — Suspension of sentence premature.
20 September 2024
Complainant awarded gratuity, leave, notice pay, allowances and six months’ damages; NAPSA claim and counterclaim dismissed.
Employment law – statutory minimum wages and conditions (S.I.106/2020) – gratuity, accrued leave, notice pay, subsistence and risk allowances – evidential burden for cross-border subsistence – NAPSA recovery procedure – unfair termination damages.
19 September 2024
A contractual clarification that insurer cover applied for gross negligence estopped the defendant from relying on a ZMW2,500 limitation.
Contract law — limitation of liability clause; clarification/addendum and estoppel; fidelity guarantee insurance — insurer's duty to indemnify; proof of loss; breach of contract and recovery of unpaid fees; interest and unconscionable contractual rate.
19 September 2024
Interim injunction granted; exhaustion of union remedies did not bar court action and NEC's power to dismiss requires full hearing.
Labour/union law – exhaustion of internal remedies – scope of union constitution – power of NEC to dismiss elected officials – interlocutory injunction (American Cyanamid test) – adequacy of damages – balance of convenience.
17 September 2024
Applicant bank entitled to contractual compound interest, judgment and foreclosure; Section 110 caps recoverable interest but does not suspend it.
Mortgage actions — Order 30 Rule 14 — remedies; Contractual compound interest enforceable where clause permits it; Banking and Financial Services Act Section 110(1)(b) — in duplum rule caps recoverable interest but does not suspend interest on non-performing loans; Foreclosure, possession and enforcement against surety permitted; Judgment entered for bank.
16 September 2024
Claim against the 2nd defendant dismissed as statute-barred; vicarious liability not established.
Limitation Act 1939 (as extended to Zambia) – accrual of cause of action – statute-barred claims; vicarious liability – requirement of sufficient nexus between tortfeasor and principal; Order 14A – determination of pure questions of law without full trial; continuing trespass vs accrual for limitation.
16 September 2024
Ex-parte interim injunction granted to restrain construction pending inter-parte hearing; title and irreparable harm justified relief.
Interim prohibitory injunction – ex parte application – certificate of title as evidence of ownership – American Cyanamid principles: serious question, adequacy of damages, balance of convenience – preservation of status quo – costs in the cause – leave to appeal granted.
16 September 2024
A 'without prejudice' label does not automatically bar a document from evidence; privilege requires genuine settlement negotiations and may be forfeited by failure to object during discovery.
Evidence — Without prejudice communications — Heading alone not conclusive — Court must examine document to determine if privilege applies — Privilege only where negotiations/offers to settle exist — Waiver by failure to object during discovery/orders for directions.
14 September 2024
Interlocutory injunction to halt church inductions dismissed for failure to show irreparable harm; balance of convenience favors defendants.
Interlocutory injunction – preservation of status quo – irreparable harm – balance of convenience – internal church elections and governance – admissibility of constitutional provisions in affidavits.
14 September 2024
Court corrected a clerical property description under Order 20 Rule 11, finding no prejudice and ordering registration within 30 days.
Clerical amendment of judgment; Order 20 Rule 11 Rules of the Supreme Court; inherent jurisdiction to correct accidental slips; finality of judgment; prejudice test for amendments; registration of court orders.
13 September 2024
Stay of proceedings refused where no special circumstances and set-aside application lacked reasonable prospects due to delay.
Civil procedure — interlocutory relief — stay of proceedings under Order III Rule 2 High Court Act — exceptional circumstances required — stay refused where no real risk of conflicting decisions and set-aside application lacking prospects due to admission of liability and undue delay.
12 September 2024
Applicant entitled to garnishee funds in a named bank account to satisfy a registered arbitral award; only existing debts attach.
Arbitration award enforcement – Garnishee Order Nisi – Order 49 Rules of the Supreme Court – deposit‑taking institution – attachable debt must exist at date of service – creditor–debtor relationship required.
11 September 2024
Whether non‑conviction forfeiture is appropriate where applicant proves on a balance of probabilities that vehicles are proceeds of crime.
Forfeiture of proceeds of crime – Non‑conviction based forfeiture (s31 FPOCA) – Standard of proof: balance of probabilities – Burden of proof and shift under s31(2)/s71(2) – Documentary, bank and forensic handwriting evidence – Insufficient explanation by interested parties – Order forfeiting motor vehicles to the State.
9 September 2024
A stay pending payment of costs requires a prior court order awarding costs; absent it, the applicant's stay is declined.
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6 September 2024
The respondent unlawfully deducted the complainant's terminal dues and underpaid gratuity; overtime claim lacked proof.
Employment law — gratuity calculation: use last drawn basic salary for the whole service period; employer deductions — employer must demonstrate contractual/legal authority and proof before recouping losses; burden of proof — claimant must produce evidence (approved forms/logs) for overtime claims; disciplinary/deduction fairness — need for proper procedural and evidential basis.
4 September 2024
Stay dismissed; court held senior counsel may claim reasonable costs despite SI No.6 lacuna and granted leave to appeal.
Costs — Legal Practitioners (Costs) Order SI No.6 of 2017 — Part III omission for practitioners ≥15 years — senior counsel entitled to reasonable, proportionate costs on a scale as near as possible to Part III — stay of execution requires an enforceable remedy — leave to appeal granted.
1 September 2024
August 2024
Application for judgment on admission dismissed where alleged admission of debt was disputed and not unequivocal.
Civil procedure — Judgment on admission — Order 21 Rule 6 — Admission must be clear, unambiguous and unequivocal; company name change does not defeat rights; disputed repayments, rebates and acquittals may create triable issues preventing summary judgment.
30 August 2024
Interim injunction granted restraining the respondent from evicting the applicant and interfering with crops where damages are inadequate.
Interim injunction — interlocutory relief — American Cyanamid test — serious question to be tried — adequacy of damages for loss of land/house — balance of convenience — farm tenancy and statutory notice requirements under Landlord and Tenant (Business Premises) Act.
29 August 2024
Complaint dismissed for lack of jurisdiction where ex‑curia negotiations did not extend the 90‑day limitation under section 85(3).
Industrial Relations Court – Jurisdiction – Section 85(3) Cap 269 – 90-day limitation period – Effect of ex-curia (without prejudice) settlement negotiations – Exhaustion of internal administrative channels – Leave to file out of time.
29 August 2024
Court ordered civil forfeiture of assets acquired from contracts obtained by false pretences; interested parties failed to rebut taint.
Forfeiture of proceeds of crime – Non-conviction forfeiture – jurisdiction under Sections 29, 31, 71 FPOCA – civil standard (balance of probabilities) – procurement misrepresentation – Key Personnel requirement – false pretences (Penal Code s309) – proceeds of crime – burden shift and unexplained wealth – forfeiture and costs.
21 August 2024
The court dismissed the applicant's constitutional challenge to seizure powers and refused damages for misfeasance.
Constitutional law — search, seizure and privacy — Sections 58–59 Anti‑Corruption Act — warrant of seizure as court order under Article 17(2)(d); Forfeiture law — Sections 71,78 Forfeiture of Proceeds of Crime Act — burden and standard of proof; criminal procedure — presumption of innocence and applicability of Article 18; tort — misfeasance in public office.
20 August 2024
Court dismissed consolidation application due to different solicitors, differing claims and prejudice from ongoing criminal proceedings.
Civil procedure – Consolidation of actions under Order III Rule 5 and Order 4 Rule 9 – Discretionary remedy; common questions of law/fact; prejudice and embarrassment at trial; different solicitors; ongoing related criminal proceedings.
20 August 2024
The applicant’s leave application was dismissed because Section 23 does not require leave for appeals from the High Court.
Court of Appeal Act s23 — leave to appeal — appeals from High Court — Order 10 Rule 4(3) Court of Appeal Rules — application misconceived — appellate precedents: Chainama Hills; Mirriam Banda Zimba.
19 August 2024
Insufficient evidence linking accused to ownership/control of dogs; no prima facie case for manslaughter.
Criminal procedure – no case to answer – prima facie test; Manslaughter by omission/culpable negligence; Duty to control dangerous animals (s.214 Penal Code); Proof of ownership and control of animals; Identification and causation in animal‑attack fatalities.
13 August 2024
Minority shareholder granted leave under Companies Act s331 to pursue derivative claim for alleged majority shareholder fiduciary breaches.
Companies Act s331 – derivative action – leave to commence proceedings – criteria: likelihood of success, costs, prior action by company, company’s interests; Foss v Harbottle exception; majority shareholder fiduciary duties; procedural sufficiency of power of attorney; effect of company’s failure to oppose.
12 August 2024
Court granted leave to the applicant to issue and serve a derivative-action writ out of jurisdiction despite procedural defects.
Civil procedure – service out of jurisdiction – Order 10 Rule 16 High Court Rules – leave to issue and serve process; derivative action by shareholder; curable procedural irregularity; defective power of attorney; advocate’s receipt of process does not waive leave requirement.
12 August 2024
Divorce granted on two years' separation plus consent; ordered joint custody, child maintenance and transfer of vehicle.
Matrimonial Causes Act – irretrievable breakdown – two years' separation with consent; Special Procedure – determination on affidavit evidence under Order 30 Rule 6A; custody and child maintenance; property settlement by vehicle transfer; Decree Nisi to become absolute.
8 August 2024
Applicant dismissed; not entitled to leave for 2006–2011 and terminal benefits claim unproven.
Employment law – termination of oral contract – resignation versus dismissal – notice; Leave entitlements – accrual requires six months’ continuous service; Terminal benefits – claimant must substantiate entitlement and quantum; Evidentiary weight – conflicting labour-office letters and burden of proof.
6 August 2024
Whether the applicant was dismissed or resigned and entitled to accrued leave and terminal benefits.
Employment law – oral contract – resignation v. dismissal – entitlement to accrued leave (continuous service requirement) – terminal benefits under section 21(b) – burden of proof and evidential substantiation.
6 August 2024
Unsigned contract enforceability and expatriate gratuity entitlement are factual issues unsuitable for summary determination.
Contract law — unsigned/draft agreements — incorporation by intention and performance; Employment law — statutory gratuity and expatriate exemption; Preliminary issues — Order 14A and Order 33 — suitability for summary determination.
5 August 2024
Application for judgment on admission dismissed because defence and documents lacked clear, unequivocal admissions.
Judgment on admission – discretionary relief – requires clear and unequivocal admission in pleadings or documents; set-off and disputed valuation preclude entry of judgment; general denials versus traversing allegations.
2 August 2024
Possession or manufacture of sample bags alone does not prove trade mark use in the course of trade.
Trade mark infringement – registered proprietor – elements: valid registration, use in course of trade without consent, likelihood of confusion – possession/manufacture of sample sacks does not necessarily constitute use in trade – burden of proof on proprietor.
2 August 2024
An adoption order survives annulment; administrators must file a full inventory/account and distribution is stayed pending verification.
Intestate succession — administrators’ duty to inventory and account — validity of adoption despite annulment — ex-gratia family agreements and enforceability — stay of distribution pending accounting — administrators acting beyond mandate (construction/trust).
2 August 2024
July 2024
Failure to specifically traverse allegations can amount to deemed admissions, but the court may still refuse judgment on admission where substantive disputes and a counterclaim exist.
Civil procedure — Order 53 Rule 6 High Court (Amendment) Rules — failure to specifically traverse allegations — deemed admission — discretion to enter judgment on admission — counterclaim and substantive disputes may render judgment inappropriate.
29 July 2024
A government‑owned statutory entity cannot maintain a defamation action because it would unduly restrict public criticism.
Defamation law – Government‑owned/controlled entities – Right to sue – Public policy and freedom of expression – Order 14A summary determination – Locus standi where imputations alleged against officers rather than corporate entity.
26 July 2024
Plaintiff's failure to file the mandatory letter of demand with the writ was fatal; proceedings dismissed, leave to appeal granted.
Civil procedure — Order VI Rule 1(1)(d) HCR — mandatory requirement to file letter of demand with writ — failure fatal to proceedings; dismissal; leave to appeal.
25 July 2024
Court expunged statute‑barred employment claims under s.52(6) but allowed remaining contract claims to proceed with leave to amend.
Employment law – limitation period – section 52(6) Employment Code Act – jurisdiction to entertain statute‑barred claims – Order 14A point of law – expungement of claims – leave to amend pleadings.
25 July 2024
Court expunged employment claims barred by section 52(6) but retained non‑time‑barred contractual claims and allowed amendment.
Civil procedure – Order 14A preliminary determination; Employment law – jurisdiction of Industrial Relations Court vs High Court; Employment Code Act s.52(6) – 30‑day limitation for termination complaints; Expungement of time‑barred employment claims; Leave to amend pleadings.
24 July 2024
Claims governed by Section 52(1)–(5) filed beyond the 30‑day limit were expunged; other non‑Section 52 claims may proceed.
Employment law — Jurisdiction: Industrial Relations Court vs High Court General List; Section 52(6) Employment Code Act — 30‑day limitation for termination complaints; Validity of discontinuance — multiplicity of actions; Expungement of time‑barred claims; Leave to amend originating process.
24 July 2024
24 July 2024
Court granted decree nisi for irretrievable breakdown on two years' separation and consent, referring custody and property to mediation.
Matrimonial Causes Act (ss.8, 9(1)(d), 41) – Irretrievable breakdown – Two years' separation plus consent – Decree Nisi – Special Procedure/Order 30 Rule 6A (determination on documents) – Referral of custody and property to mediation (Order 30 Rule 4) – Costs each party.
24 July 2024
Plaintiff who discontinued land re-entry claim after jurisdictional clarification not ordered to pay defendants' costs; each bears own costs.
Civil procedure – discontinuance with leave – Order 17 Rule 1 – court's discretion as to costs; Land law – re-entry under Section 13(3) Lands Act – jurisdiction of Lands Tribunal v High Court; Costs – exercise of judicial discretion where law was unclear.
24 July 2024
Applicant awarded judgment for loan recovery; Registrar to assess amount; foreclosure permitted if unpaid within 90 days.
Equitable mortgage; loan recovery; enforceability of contractual interest and fees; assessment of judgment debt by Registrar; foreclosure and sale of mortgaged property.
22 July 2024
Warning letters issued without affording a hearing breach contract; dismissal was wrongful (damages awarded) but not statutorily unfair.
Employment law – Disciplinary procedure – Warning letters require opportunity to be heard – Failure to afford hearing breaches contract – Wrongful dismissal entitling employee to damages but not necessarily statutory unfair dismissal remedies – Gratuity and pay for unworked months not payable if contract terminated before expiry – Leave pay award if unpaid.
20 July 2024
Court set aside business rescue resolution where board lacked reasonable belief of financial distress and prospect of rescue.
Corporate Insolvency Act – commencement of business rescue – s21: statutory test for 'financially distressed' (likely insolvent within six months) and reasonable prospect of rescue – s22 court power to set aside resolution – filing at PACRA – invalid business rescue cannot be converted into liquidation without appropriate procedure – interlocutory relief under s28(2) only available during valid business rescue proceedings.
19 July 2024
19 July 2024
Employer failed to prove operational requirements; termination unlawful—24 months' salary, severance and repatriation awarded.
Employment law – Termination for operational requirements – Employer must substantiate operational basis under s.52(2) Employment Code Act – Unlawful termination where employer fails to prove reorganisation – Damages: departure from normal notice award justified; severance pay and repatriation ordered.
17 July 2024